Anatomy 1,2 Flashcards
2 major components of the head or caput
- Facies 2. Cranium
posterior part of the head? superior part?
occiput, vertex
- nose 2. eyes 3. ears 4. mouth
- nasus 2.oculus 3.auris 4.os
parts of the collum
posterior is nucha. anterior is cervix
Trunk pars 1.2.3.4.
- abdomen 2.thorax 3.dorsum 4. pelvis
pars of the superior limb 1.2.3.4.5. a. b. c.
1.regio deltiodus ( shoulder) 2.brachium (arm) 3.cubitus (elbow) 4. antebrachium(forearm) 5.manus ( hand). A.carpus (wrist) B.metacarpus (metacarpus) C. digiti manus I-V
name the fingers
pollex (thumb),digitus secondus, digitus tertius, digitus quartus, digitus quintus
parts of the inferior limb 1.2.3.4.5.a.b.c.
1.coxa(hip)2.femur (thigh)3.genu (knee) 4.crus (leg) 5.pes(feet)a.Tarsus (ankle)b.metatarsus (metatarsus) 3. digitus pes I-V
Levels of organization
subatomic particles->atom/element->inorganic compound->organic compound->macromolecules-> organelles->cells->tissue->organ->system
4 basic tissue types
muscle,nervous,epithelium,connective
describe proximal/distal
proximal is closer to a joint or heart, distal is farther away
- medial 2. lateral
- towards the middle 2. towards the outside
1.posterior 2. anterior
- towards the back 2. towards the belly
1.superior 2. inferior
- towards the top 2. towards the bottom
intermediate
between medial and lateral
- ipsilateral 2.contralateral
- same side 2. opposite side of body
name the book that has anatomical prefferences
Nomina Anatomica
3 basic and 1 special planes
sagital,transverse, coronal. Midsagittal plane
3 qualifications for Visceral
TOM, 1. tubular in design 2.one or more openings at the body surface 3. mucas membrane lining
Name the visceral body systems
DRUMF, Digestive,Respiratory,Urinary,Male repr. female repr.
Name the somatic systems
CNSMILE, cardiovascular,nervous,skeletal,muscular,integumentary,lymphatic,endocrine systems
zygomorphism (morphology)
refers to the bilateral symmetry exhibited by the body
stratification (morphology)
implies a structural layering on top of each other
metamerism (morphology)
linear series of very similar structures ( ribs vertebrae)
cavitation (morphology)
occurs between organs or within an organ
tubular (morphology)
implies hollowness that continues from one organ to the other
right, left
dexter, sinister
Biological macromolecules
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids,polysacharides
Anatomy
the science of the body structure
normal anatomic position
perform this
parenchyma
functional part of an organ
palpation, auscilatoin, percussion
- identifying by feel 2. identifying by sound 3.involves tapping and listening
radiography
uses xrays to produce photograph like images called radiographs. Non invasive but can be carcinogenic
ultrasonography
low energy sound waves to make images called sonograms. Painless and non invasive. if focused enough can cause damage
MRI
non-invasive, painless but very expensive
4 elements form over 95% of the body
C-18% H-10% O-65% N-3%
other elements that are pretty common
calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine
normal ph for blood
7.35-7.45 if it goes below coma happens, if it goes above convulsions.
3 specific features of a cell
cytosol, nucleas, cell membrane.
simple diffusion
with gradient, no carrier,
facilitated diffusion
with gradient, carrier,
osmosis
with gradient, no carrier, high to low
active transport
against gradient, carrier required
atrophy
is a decrease in cell size, which in turn causes a decrease in size of the parent organ
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
hyperplaisa
increased number of cells
metaplaisa
a change in cell type such that one type of cell is transformed into another
