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Anatomy > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

name the series of vessels

A

Heart, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillary bed, Venules, Veins

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2
Q

Base of the heart

A

top part with great veins

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3
Q

Apex of the heart

A

Pointy part

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4
Q

Sternocostal surface of the heart

A

anterior part of the heart

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5
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

postero-inferior surface.

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6
Q

Pulmonary surface of the heart

A

left side of the heart

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7
Q

right border of the heart

A

right side of heart

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8
Q

coronary groove of heart

A

seperates the atriums from the ventricles. Fat filled

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9
Q

anterior and posterior interventricular grooves

A

fat filled and seperates the ventricles

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium termed endothelium. most inner lining

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11
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer full of cardiac muscle tissue.

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12
Q

epicardium

A

serous membrane , outside layer, has two different layers,

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13
Q

interatrial septum

A

seperates the atriums

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14
Q

interventricular septum

A

seperates the ventricles

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15
Q

right atrium of the heart

A

pumps into right ventricles, recieves deoxygenated blood from superior/ inferior vena cava. This is called sinus venarum cavarum.

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16
Q

Right auricle of the heart

A

right blind spot

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17
Q

opening of the superior vena cava

A

blood from the head neck superior limbs and thorax

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18
Q

opening of the inferior vena cava

A

blood from abdomen, pelvis, and inferior limbs

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19
Q

opening of the coronary sinus

A

next to opening of inferior vena cava. returns blood from itself

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20
Q

fossa ovalis/ foramen ovale of the heart

A

interatrial septum pathway

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21
Q

intervenous tubercle

A

endocardial ridge between the openings of the superior and inferior venae cavae

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22
Q

pectinate muscles

A

ridges formed by fasciculi of atrial myocardium located on the inner surfaces of the left and right atria

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23
Q

right ventricle of the heart

A

pumps to the lungs through pulmonary trunk

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24
Q

right atrioventricular/ tricuspid valve

A

has anterior, posterior, septal cusps

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25
Q

chordae tendineae

A

fibrous cords that attach to papillary muscles and leaflets

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26
Q

papillary muslces

A

anchor left and right atrioventricular valves

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27
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

the muscular bundles lining the ventricles

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28
Q

trabecula septomarginalis

A

only in the RA helps with impulse

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29
Q

conus arteriosus/infundibulum of the heart

A

outflow of right ventricle leading into pulmonary trunk

30
Q

valve of the pulmonary trunk/ pulmonary valve

A

has anterior, left, right, semilunar valvulae

31
Q

left atrium of the heart

A

receives blood from pulmonary veins.

32
Q

left auricle of the heart

A

blind ended portion .

33
Q

openings of the pulmonary veins

A

4 openings that lead into the left atrium

34
Q

left ventricle of the heart

A

receives blood from the left atrium. pumps blood to body. Very thick tissue

35
Q

left atrioventricular / mitral valve

A

has anterior, posterior cusps and commissural cusps

36
Q

aortic valve

A

right, left, posterior semilunar valvulae

37
Q

purkinje fibers

A

modified cardiac cells that transmit impulse

38
Q

sinoatrial node

A

determines heart rate

39
Q

atrioventricular node

A

slows down pulse for .12-.2 of a second

40
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

purkinje fibers after the atrioventricular node

41
Q

left and right crura of the atrioventricular bundle

A

splittings of the atrioventricular bundle

42
Q

pericardium

A

serous membrane that forms a closed cavity around the heart

43
Q

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

layer closest to heart, synonymous with epicardium

44
Q

parietal layer of the serous pericardium

A

outer layer of pericardium

45
Q

pericardial cavity

A

space in between the two layers

45
Q

name the 5 major components of the heart

A

heart, arteries, veins,capillaries, blood

46
Q

6 functions of the cardiovascular system

A

o2/co2 exchange, nutrient/wast exchange, hormone transport, acid base balance, thermoregulation, body defense

47
Q

hepatic portal system

A

modifies nutrients, detoxifies

48
Q

hypothalamohypophysial portal system

A

ensures the hormones released from the hypothalamus have a direct shot at the anterior pituatary gland without getting diluted.

49
Q

name the different leucocytes

A

lymphocyte 30%, monocyte 5%, eosinophil 3%, basophil 1%, neutrophil 60%

50
Q

how many hemoglobins per RBC?

A

over 280 million

51
Q

average adult has how much blood?

A

5 liters

52
Q

blood contents

A

55 % plasma ( fluid)

45 % formed elements

53
Q

name the different plasma proteins

A

albumins- osmotic pressure, globulins- immuno proteins, fibrinigen-for blood clotting

54
Q

Erythrocytes

A

ABOUT 5 MILLION PER CUBIC MILLIMETER ( 5 BILLION / MILLILITER, only live for about 3 months then get phagocytized by cells in the liver , spleen, and bone marrow.

55
Q

how many leucocytes per cubic millimeter of blood?

A

7000

56
Q

leucocytes are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes

A

granulocytes- Basophils, Eosinophils, neutrophils ( G-BEN)

agranulocytes- Monocytes, lymphocytes ( ALM)

57
Q

Thrombocytes

A

fragments of megakaryocytes and are for the clotting cascade

58
Q

circulatory shock

A

a drop in blood pressure

59
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

result of blood loss

60
Q

neurogenic shock

A

extreme emotional disturbance

61
Q

endotoxic shock

A

paralysis of precapillary sphincters

62
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

reduction of the cardiac output

63
Q

what is an electrocardiograph

A

instrument that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The graph itself is called an electrocardiogram

64
Q

heart block

A

an impairment of the normal impulse transmission within the heart

65
Q

first degree blcok

A

prolongation of the A-V conduction time

66
Q

second degree block

A

some but not all impulses reach the ventricles

67
Q

complete (third degree) A-V block

A

no atrial impulses reach the ventricles

68
Q

systolic atrial pressure should be

A

120 mmHG

69
Q

diastolic atrial pressure should be

A

80 mmHG

Anatomy (13 decks)

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