D1 anatomy test 4 Flashcards
bones of the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
superficial muscles of the shoulder consist of…
trapezius and deltoid muscle
name the bone that connects the upper limb to the body
clavicle
which end of the clavicle is larger?
sternal end. It articulates with manubrium and first costal cartilage
where is the conoid tuberble on the clavicle?
inferior lateral 3rd surface
what attaches to the conoid tubercle and the trapezoid line?
coracoclavicular ligament.
the scapula has how many angles, borders, surfaces, and processes?
angles-3, borders-3, surfaces-2
what 2 components make up the glenohumoral joint?
glenoid cavity, and head of the humerus
what is the infraglenoid tubercle
inferior to glenoid cavity and attaches long head of triceps brachii
what is the supraglenoid tubercle
attachment for long head of biceps brachii
which border is thicker and why?
lateral border is thicker for muscle attachment
greater and lesser tubercles are for what?
muscle attachment for the rotator cuff muscles
greater tubercles facets are for what
superior facet- supraspinatus muscle, middle facet- infraspinatus muscle, inferior facet- teres minor muscle
what attaches to the lesser tubercle?
subscapularis muslce
medial lip of intertubercular groove is for what?
attachment for teres major, and latissimus dorsi
lateral lip of intertubercular groove is for what?
for coracobrachialis muscle, and pectoralis major
what passes posterior to surgical neck of humerus?
axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery. The neck often fractures and causes problems
Trapezius OII
origin: superior nuchal line, external occipiatal protuberance, medial margin of the ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12. Insertion: superior edge of crest of scapular spine, acromion, posterior border of lateral ⅓ of clavicle. Innervation: motor part of accessory nerve XI, sensory anterior rami of C3, C4
Deltoid
Origin: inferior edge of crest of spine of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of lateral ⅓ of clavicle. Insertion: deltoid tuberosity. Innervation: axillary nerve
Levator scapulae OOI
Origin: transverse processes C1-C2, transverse processes of C3-C4. Insertion: medial border of scapula. Innervation: anterior rami C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve.
what muscles attach the scapula to the vertebral column?
levator scapulae, rhomboid major/ minor
rhomboid minor Oii
Minor originates from lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T1. Insertion: medial border near spine of scapula
rhomboid major
Originates: spines of T2-T5 . Insertion: medial border of scapula below the spine.
what innervates the rhomboid muslces?
dorsal scapular nerve
name the muscles of the posterior scapular region
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps brachii
what muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supra/infraspinatus muscles, teres minor
supraspinatus muscle OOI
Origin- medial ⅔ of supraspinous fossa. Insertion- Superior facet of greater tubercle. innervation- suprascapular nerve
infraspinatus muscle OII
Origin- medial ⅔ of infraspinous fossa. Insertion- middle facet of posterior surface of greater tubercle. Innervation- suprascapular nerve
Teres minor OII
Teres minor- Origin: upper ⅔ of flat bone on posterior surface of scapula. Insertion: inferior facet of posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus. Innervation: Axillary nerve
teres major OII
oval area on posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula. Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove. Innervation: inferior subscapular nerve.
Long head of triceps brachii
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle. Insertion: olecranon of ulna.
suprascapular artery
branch from thyrocervical trunk; supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
posterior circumflex humeral artery
originates from 3rd part of axillary artery. Leaves the axilla in quadrangular space in posterior wall and enters posterior scapular region. It supplies related muscles and glenohumeral joint.
circumflex scapular artery
branch of subscapular artery, originates from 3rd part of axillary artery in axilla, anastomoses with other arteries in its region.
what makes the axilla?
clavicle, scapula, upper thoracic wall, humerus, and related muscles
why is the axilla important?
everything going in and out of the arm passes through here
medial, anterior, posterior margins of axillary inlet
medial- lateral border of rib 1
anterior margin- posterior surface of clavicle
posterior margin- superior border of scapula up to coracoid process
name the main artery/ vein that support the upper limbs
subclavian artery and vein. The vein is inform of the artery which is in from of the brachial plexus
what separates the axillary vein and artery?
insertion of anterior scalene muscle
pectoralis major OII
Origin:medial ½ of clavicle, sternocostal head, anterior sternum, 1st 7 costal cartilages. Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove. Innervation: medial, lateral pectoral nerves
Pectoralis minor OII
Origin: anterior surface and superior border of ribs 3-5. Insertion: coracoid process of scapula. Innervation: medial pectoral nerve.
subclavius
Origin:junction of rib and cartilage of rib 1. Insertion: Groove on inferior surface of clavicle. Innervation: nerve to subclavius.
what makes the anterior wall of axilla?
pectoralis major & minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia
what makes the lateral wall of axilla?
intertuburcular sulcus
what makes the posterior wall of axilla?
subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps brachii
what makes the floor?
skin of armpit
what makes the medial wall?
upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior muscle
what is the triangular space?
communication area between axilla and posterior scapular region
what makes the triangular space?
formed by medial margin of long head of biceps brachii, superior margin of teres major, and inferior margin of teres minor.
what passes through the triangular space?
circumflex scapular artery and vein pass into this space
what forms the triangular interval?
lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii, shaft of humerus, inferior margin of teres major
what passes through the triangular interval?
radial nerve
what passes through the axilla?
biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
Origin: long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head: coracoid process of scapula. Insertion: tuberosity of radius. Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
what holds the long head in the intertubercular groove?
transverse humeral ligament
coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula. Insertion: medial roughening of midshaft of humerus. Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve.
pathway of axillary artery
sublcavian to axillary at rib 1 to brachial at teres major
what muscle separates the axillary artery into 3 segments?
pectoralis minor
proximal to pectoralis minor
superior thoracic artery originates here. It supplies the upper regions of medial and anterior axillary walls
posterior to pectoralis minor 1st part
thoraco-acromial- ( 4 branches pectoral, deltoid, clavicular, acromial) these supply anterior axillary wall
posterior to pectoralis minor 2nd part
lateral thoracic artery- supplies medial and anterior walls of axilla ( in woman branches of this supply the breasts)
distal to the pectoralis minor part
3 main arteries- subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral
subscapular
largest of axillary inlet. supplies posterior wall of axilla and divides into 2 terminal branches
1st terminal branch of subscapular artery
circumflex scapular artery. Passes through triangular space and origin of teres minor. Anastamoses with suprascapular artery and deep branch of transverse cervical artery .
2nd terminal branch of subscapular artery
thoracodorsal artery- follows lateral border of scapula to inferior angle, It supplies the posterior and medial walls of axilla
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
smaller than posterior circumflex. supplies branches of surrounding tissues like glenohumeral joint and head of humerus
posterior circumflex humeral a.
leaves axilla and passes through quadrangular space. anastomoses with anterior circumflex humeral a.
axillary vein
basilica to axillary at teres major to subclavian at rib 1
what does the axillary vein drain?
lateral posteromedial hand
cephalic vein drains what
lateral posterior parts of hand, forearm, and arm ( commonly used for IV’s
what is the brachial plexus
somatic plexus formed by anterior rami of C5-C8 &T1
roots of the brachial plexus
Anterior rami of C5-C8 &T1, gray rami carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers, Pass between middle and anterior scalene muscles
brachial plexus trunks
superior-C5-C6
middle-C7
inferior-C8 &T1
divisions
each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions,
what do these divisions give rise to?
anterior- give rise to nerves associated to anterior arm/forearm,
posterior- give rise to nerves associated with posterior arm/forearm
what are the 3 cords related to?
2nd part of the axillary artery
lateral cord
union of anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks. So contributions of C5-C7.
medial cord
from the anterior division of inferior trunk. C8-T1
posterior cord
union from all three posterior divisions. It contains contributions from all roots of the brachial plexus C5-T1
what 2 nerves branch directly from the roots of the brachial plexus?
dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves
dorsal scapular nerve
originates from C5 and often pierces the middle scalene muscle. It innervates the rhomboid major and minor muslces
long thoracic nerve
originates from C5-C7, supplies serratus anterior muscle
which trunk is the only one with branches?
superior ( suprascapular nerve & nerve to subclavius)
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
passes through posterior triangle of neck and suprascapular foramen to enter the posterior scapular region. Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
nerve to subclavius (C5,C6)
passes over subclavius artery to innervate subclavius muscle
lateral cord branches
lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and lateral root of the median nerve
lateral pectoral nerve
most proximal of the 3 and innervates pectoralis major
musculocutaneous nerve
innervates all flexor muscles in the anterior compartment. It terminates as the lateral cutaneous nerve
lateral root of the median nerve
largest of 3. helps form the median nerve
branches of the medial cord
medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial root of median nerve, ulnar nerve.
medial pectoral nerve
most proximal, supplies pectoralis minora and major
medial cutaneous nerve of arm
supplies skin over medial side of distal 1/3 of arm. Inn the axilla the nerve communicates with the intercosobrachial nerve of T2
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
supplies skin over anterior surface of forearm . It innervates the skin over medial surface of the forearm down to the wrist
medial root of the median nerve
joins with similar root from lateral cord to form the median nerve anterior to the 3rd part of axillary artery
ulnar nerve
large terminal branch of medial cord. innervates all intrinsic muscles of hand
median nerve
originates from lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus. It innervates most of the muscles in the aanterior compartment of forearm ( except for carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus)
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