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Anatomy > D1 Anatomy chapter 4 test 3 > Flashcards

D1 Anatomy chapter 4 test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What level is the Transpyloric plane?

A

lower aspect of L1

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2
Q

Name some landmarks of the Transpyloric sphincter

A

Passes sternum at 9th costal cartilage, Crosses C shaped duodenum, through body of pancreas, passes through parts of hila of kidneys

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3
Q

name the 3 main arteries of gastrointestinal system

A

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric a. , inferior mesenteric a.

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4
Q

celiac trunk branch level and what it supplies

A

upper border of L1, supplies the foregut

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5
Q

superior mesenteric a. level and what it supplies

A

lower border L1, supplies the midgut

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6
Q

inferior mesenteric a. level and what it supplies

A

L3, supplies the hindgut

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7
Q

what does the left renal vein drain?

A

kidney, suprarenal gland, gonad on same side

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8
Q

left common iliac vein

A

crosses L5 to join right common iliac vein to form inferior vena cava

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9
Q

what does the inferior vena cava drain?

A

lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and some abdominal wall

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10
Q

describe the venous drain system of the gastrointestinal system

A

blood from abdominal parts of the gastro intestinal system and spleen have to pass a second vascular bed in the liver before returning to the heart

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11
Q

pathway GI tract, pancreas, Gallbladder and spleen into liver

A

enter via hepatic portal vein which distributes blood to small endothelieal-lined sinusoids which form a vascular exchange in the liver

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12
Q

pathway out of the liver

A

blood collects in hepatic veins that drain into inferior vena cava just before it enters the diaphragm

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13
Q

Innervation of skin, muscles, parietal peritoneum and anterolateral abdominal wall

A

T7-L1

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14
Q

describe these nerves branching?

A

a lateral cutaneous branch and end as a anterior cutaneous branch

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15
Q

T7-T11 pathway spinal nerves

A

leave intercostal spaces passing deep to costal cartilages and continue onto the anterolateral abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

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16
Q

T7-T11 pathway continued

A

They pass deep to lateral edge of rectus sheath. Near midline they pass through the abdominus and sheath to supply the skin.

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17
Q

T12 pathway

A

“subcostal nerve” follows same pathway as intercostals

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18
Q

L1 pathway

A

” Iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal nerve”. Originates from lumbar plexus

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19
Q

what does T7-T9 supply

A

skin from xiphoid process to just above umbilicus

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20
Q

what does T10 supply?

A

skin around umbilicus

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21
Q

T11, T12, L1 supplies?

A

skin just below umbilicus to pubic region

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22
Q

Ilio-inguinal nerve supplies?

A

anterior surface of scrotum or labia majora and small cutaneous regions of thigh

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23
Q

what does musculophrenic artery supply(superficially)?

A

superior part of abdominal wall ( remember its a branch of the internal thoracic artery)

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24
Q

what does the superficial epigastric artery supply? (superficially)

A

medially inferior part of abdominal wall

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25
Q

what does the superficial circumflex iliac artery supply(superficially)?

A

lateral inferior part of abdominal wall

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26
Q

what do the superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries branch from??

A

femoral artery

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27
Q

branches of 10th, 11th intercostal aa. and subcoastal artery (deep)

A

lateral part of wall

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28
Q

inferior epigastric artery( deep)?

A

inferior medial part of wall

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29
Q

deep circumflex iliac artery (deep)

A

lateral, deep wall

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30
Q

which vessel does the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex arteries branch from?

A

external iliac artery

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31
Q

where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastamose?

A

posterior to rectus abdominis muscle

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32
Q

superficial lymphatics above umbilicus go where?

A

superior direction to axillary nodes

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33
Q

superficial lymphatics below umbilicus go where?

A

inferior to superficial inguinal nodes

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34
Q

deep lymphatics go where

A

follow deep arteries back to parasternal nodes along internal thoracic artery, lumbar nodes along aorta, and external iliac nodes along external iliac artery

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35
Q

where do the omenta develop from?

A

original dorsal and ventral mesenteries which suspend the GI tract

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36
Q

Omenta consists of what?

A

2 layers of peritoneum which pass from stomach and first part of duodenum to other viscera

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37
Q

Greater omentum is derived from

A

dorsal mesentery

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38
Q

lesser omentum is derived from

A

ventral mesentery

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39
Q

what does greater omentum attach to?

A

greater curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum

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40
Q

where else does it attach?

A

to peritoneum of superior surface of transverse colon, then posterior abdominal wall

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41
Q

what is between the 2 folds of the omentum?

A

right and left gastro-omental vessels ( veins and arteries)

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42
Q

where does lesser omentum attach?

A

lesser curvature of stomach to inferior surface of liver

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43
Q

name the two parts of lesser omentum

A

medial hepatogastric ligament, lateral hepatoduodenal ligament

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44
Q

hepatogastric ligament attaches what to what

A

liver to stomach

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45
Q

hepatoduodenal attaches what to what?

A

liver to duodenum

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46
Q

what is enclosed in the free edge by liver of hepatoduodenal lig.?

A

hepatic artery proper, bile duct, portal vein

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47
Q

what are mesenteries defined as?

A

peritoneal folds that attach viscera to posterior abdominal wall

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48
Q

name the 3 mesenteries

A

mesentery, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon

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49
Q

what are mesenteries derived from?

A

the dorsal mesentary

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50
Q

Mesentary attaches what to what

A

jejunum and ilieum to posterior abdominal wall

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51
Q

superior/inferior attachement of mesentary

A

sup. - duodenojejunal junction

inf. -ileocecal junction

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52
Q

what is between the two peritoneal layers of mesentery?

A

veins, nerves, arteries, lymphatics that supply the Jejunum and ileum

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53
Q

what does transverse mesocolon attach?

A

transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

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54
Q

where does the T mesocolon come out ?

A

above head and body of pancreas

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55
Q

the anterior layer of Transverse colon is adherent to what?

A

greater omentum

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56
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon resembles what letter and attaches what to what?

A

inverted V shape. attaches sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall

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57
Q

about where is the apex of the V?

A

near division of left common iliac artery

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58
Q

Left leg of V follows by what?

A

medial border of psoas major muscle

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59
Q

right leg of V follows by what?

A

descends into pelvis and ends near S3

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60
Q

what are peritoneal ligaments?

A

2 layers of peritoneum that connect 2 organs together or to wall

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61
Q

where does the esophagus enter the abdomen?

A

T10 , right crus of diaphragm

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62
Q

how do the anterior vagal trunk and posterior vagal trunk get positioned?

A

rotation of gut during development.

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63
Q

anterior vagal trunk is derived from what?

A

left vagus trunk

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64
Q

posterior vagal trunk is derived from what?

A

right vagus trunk

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65
Q

arterial supply of the abdominal esophagus

A

by esophageal branches from left gastric artery ( celiac trunk), and left inferior phrenic artery ( from abdominal aorta)

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66
Q

stomach is in what regions

A

epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondrium regions

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67
Q

name the 4 regions of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

68
Q

where is the pylorus?

A

most distal part of pyloric part

69
Q

where is the transpyloric plane?

A

lower border of L2 , this is where you find the pyloris

70
Q

gasteriosplenic ligament

A

attaches spleen to stomach. ( part of greater omentum)

71
Q

what makes the cardiac notch?

A

the esophagus entering the stomach

72
Q

what is the angular incisures?

A

bend of lesser curvature

73
Q

5 arteries that supply stomach

A

left/ gastric artery, lef/right gastro-omental arteries, posterior gastric artery

74
Q

how long is the small intestine?

A

6-7m long, from pyloric orfice to ileocecal fold

75
Q

how long is duodenum

A

20-25 cm long and has largest lumen of small intestine

76
Q

all of duodenum is retroperitoneal except what part

A

the very beginning that attaches to the hepatoduodenal ligament

77
Q

superior part of duodenum extends from where to where

A

pyloric orfice of stomach to neck of gallbladder at L1

78
Q

where do most duodenal ulcers occur?

A

superior part

79
Q

where is descending part of duodenum

A

neck of gallbladder to lower border of L3

80
Q

what does it touch?

A

transverse colon, kidney, head of pancreas

81
Q

name the two papilla and where they are

A

major and minor duodenal papilla, major is below

82
Q

inferior part of duodenum crosses what

A

its the longest part of duodenum , crosses inferior vena cava, aorta, and vertebral column

83
Q

about how high the the ascending duodenum reach?

A

L2, terminates at duodenojejunal flexure

84
Q

what supports the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

suspensory muscle (lig.) of duodenum. ( ligament of treitz)

85
Q

what portion of small intestine is jejunum?

A

2/5

86
Q

plicae circulares of jejunum

A

prominent mucosal folds

87
Q

arterial supply of jejunum

A

jejunal arteries from superior mesenteric artery

88
Q

ileum is what proportion of small intestine?

A

3/5, it has less mucosal folds than jejunum

89
Q

ileocecal fold

A

where cecum and ileum meet, it may prevent reflux and regulate passage of contents

90
Q

arterial supply of ileum

A

ilial arteries from superior mesenteric artery and ileal branch from ileocolic artery

91
Q

how long is large intestine? what does it do

A

1.5m in adults, absorbs salts and fluid

92
Q

name the anatomy of large intestine

A

ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon

93
Q

what are omental appendicies?

A

peritoneal covered accumulations of fat

94
Q

what is taenieae coli?

A

longitudinal smooth muscle

95
Q

haustra of colon

A

little segments of colon

96
Q

which segments of colon are retroperitoneal?

A

ascending and descending

97
Q

which parts are intraperitoneal?

A

transverse and sigmoid

98
Q

describe right and left paracolic gutters

A

between colon and wall of ascending and descending segments. Material can pass from one region of cavity to another. It is blood free since vessels are on medial side of colon

99
Q

where does sigmoid colon begin

A

above pelvic inlet and goes to S3, its supported by sigmoid mesocolon

100
Q

appendix is attached to what wall of the cecum?

A

posterolateral wall

101
Q

what holds the appendix up?

A

mesoappendix which also has blood vessels

102
Q

name the positions the appendix can be in

A

pre-ileal, post-ileal, subcecal, retrocecal, pelvic

103
Q

what areas of liver are not covered with visceral peritoneum ?

A

gallbladder fossa, porta hepatis

104
Q

what enters and exits the porta hepatis?

A

enters- hepatic arteries, and portal vein.

Exits- hepatic ducts

105
Q

falciform ligament

A

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall

106
Q

right and left triangular ligaments

A

connect diaphragm to liver

107
Q

anterior coronary ligament

A

heart to liver

108
Q

where is caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

quadrate visible anteriorly

caudate is posterior

109
Q

quadrate lobe is functionally like what lobe?

A

left

110
Q

caudate is functionally like what lobe?

A

none

111
Q

what supplies the liver

A

right and left hepatic artery proper

112
Q

arterial supply for gallbladder

A

cystic artery from right hepatic artery

113
Q

pancreas

A

secondarily retroperitoneal. has head, neck, body, tail, uncitate process

114
Q

describe duct system for bile

A

R/L hepatic ducts to common hepatic duct, cystic duct combines to form bile duct which combines with pancreatic duct

115
Q

development of spleen

A

developes as part of vascular system in part of dorsal mesentery that suspends the developing stomach in wall

116
Q

where is spleen in adults?

A

between rib 9 and 10

117
Q

what attaches spleen to greater curvature of stomach?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

118
Q

what connects the spleen to left kidney?

A

splenophrenic ligament

119
Q

what supplies the spleen with blood?

A

splenic artery

120
Q

what are the terminal branches of the descending aorta?

A

the 2 common iliac arteries

121
Q

celiac trunk supplies what

A

foregut

122
Q

superior mesenteric artery supplies what

A

midgut

123
Q

inferior mesenteric artery supplies what

A

hindgut

124
Q

what is the foregut?

A

abdominal esophagus to major duodenal papilla. ( includes everything between stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder)

125
Q

midgut consists of ….

A

begins inferior to major duodenal papilla and ends at Junction between proximal 2/3 and distal1/3 of transverse colon ( includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon & right 2/3’s transverse colon)

126
Q

hindgut consists of…

A

starts and left colic flexure and ends at mid-anal canal. ( includes left 1/3 transverse colon- upper part of anal canal

127
Q

where is the celiac trunk?

A

immediately below aortic hiatus so L1

128
Q

what does celiac trunk split into?

A

left gastric a., splenic a. , common hepatic arteries

129
Q

left gastric artery pathway

A

ascends to cardioesophageal junction, sends esophageal branches upward, anastomoses with right gastric a. from common hepatic artery

130
Q

splenic artery pathway ( largest)

A

travels through spleenorenal ligament , gives off many branches in neck, body, tail of pancreas, anastomoses with left gastro-omental a. which anastomoses with right gastro-omental a.

131
Q

branches of common hepatic a

A

right gastric a, common hepatic artery, gastroduodenal a.

132
Q

branching of hepatic artery proper

A

ascends in lesser omentum, branches into right/left hepatic arteries and cystic artery

133
Q

Gastroduodenal artery

A

divides into anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

134
Q

which artery gives off the right gastro-omental artery?

A

anterior superior gastroduodenal artery

135
Q

what does the anterior/posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply?

A

head of pancreas and duodenum

136
Q

what does the anterior/posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries anastamose with?

A

anterior/ posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

137
Q

what do the anterior/ posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries converge in to?

A

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

138
Q

where does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come out from?

A

superior mesenteric artery

139
Q

where does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

A

lower L1

140
Q

what branches off the superior mesenteric artery

A

inferior pancreaticoduodental artery, jejunal and ileal arteries, right, middle, and ileocolic arteries

141
Q

what does the middle, right, and ileocolic arteries supply?

A

terminal ileum to first 2/3rds of transverse colon

142
Q

what does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery turn into?

A

anterior/ posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

143
Q

jejunal and ilial arteries come off which side of superior mesenteric a?

A

left

144
Q

middle colic artery

A

enters transverse colon and branches into right and left branches

145
Q

what doe the branches anastamose with?

A

right branch with right colic artery, left branch with colic artery

146
Q

right colic artery

A

supplies ascending colon, divides into ascending/descending branches

147
Q

where do these branches anastamose?

A

ascending with middle colic a. , descending with ileocolic a.

148
Q

ileocolic artery

A

anastomoses with right colic artery

149
Q

what vertebral level can you find the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

around L3

150
Q

what does it branch into?

A

left colic artery, sigmoid arteries, superior rectal artery

151
Q

whats special about left colic artery?

A

ascends retroperitonealy

152
Q

whats special about superior rectal artery?

A

terminal branch of inf. mesenteric a. Found at S3

153
Q

where do all of the abdominal lymphatics eventually end up?

A

pre-aortic lymph nodes

154
Q

where are the pre-aortic nodes found?

A

by the 3 main branches of aorta

155
Q

1st route lymph can take

A

celiac trunk drains into celiac nodes which also receive from other 2 main branches. Then it enters Cysterna chyli

156
Q

2nd route of lymph

A

superior mesenteric artery drains in superior mesenteric nodes which also receives from inferior mesenteric a. then drains into celiac nodes

157
Q

3rd route

A

inferior mesenteric artery drains into inferior mesenteric nodes then drains into superior mesenteric nodes

158
Q

innervation of abdominal viscera is by what

A

extrinsic and intrinsic components

159
Q

extrinsic innervation

A

receives motor impulses from CNS and sends sensory to CNS

160
Q

Intrinsic innervation

A

involves regulation of digestive tract by a self sufficient network of sensory and motor neurons

161
Q

some organs that receive extrinsic innervation of abdomen

A

spleen, GI tract, pancreas, gallbladder, liver

162
Q

the 2 interconnected plexuses of the enteric system do what

A

coordinate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle and regulate secretions and blood flow

163
Q

what is the ganglian impar?

A

ganglion at bottom of coccyx

164
Q

how many ganglion in cervical region?

A

3

165
Q

thoracic region?

A

11/12

166
Q

lumbar?

A

4

167
Q

sacral?

A

4/5

Anatomy (13 decks)

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