axial osteology

Question 1

vertebral body

Answer 1

large solid portion located anteriorly. These are seperated by vertebral discs

Question 2

vertebral arch

Answer 2

posteror portion of each vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

Question 3

vertebral foramen

Answer 3

the large passageway . These link together to make the vertebral canal

Question 4

intervertebral foramina

Answer 4

lateral gaps that exist . they transmit spinal nerves

Question 5

articular processes

Answer 5

project from the arch and articulate with those of adjacent vertebrae.

Question 6

how many groups of vertebrae are there

Answer 6

5. cervical , thoracic,lumbar,sacral , coccygeal

Question 7

vertebral formula

Answer 7

C7T12L5S5Cy4

Question 8

C1 and C2

Answer 8

C1 is the atlas that articulates with C2 the axis

Question 9

what vertebra form the bony sacrum?

Answer 9

the 5 Sacral vertebral

Question 10

top part of the sternum

Answer 10

manubrium

Question 11

xiphoid process of the sternum

Answer 11

most posterior part

Question 12

explain true and false ribs

Answer 12

first 7 are true ( they attach to the sternum). last 5 are false. ( last 2 are free)

Question 13

1st step of endochondral ossification

Answer 13

Hyaline cartilage model of bone forms from tissues derived from mesoderm. This model resembles the bone it is to become in shape

Question 14

2nd step of endochodral ossification

Answer 14

Cartilage mineralizes to become calcified cartilage

Question 15

3rd step of endochondral ossification

Answer 15

Mineralized cartilage is mineralized by chondrocytes

Question 16

4th step of endochondral ossification

Answer 16

as cartilage is reabsorbed, cells differentiate into osteoblasts, secrete osteoid, and then bone salts precipitate onto collagenous fibers to complete the formation of definitive bone tissue

Question 17

5th step of endochodral ossification

Answer 17

creates metaphasis

Question 18

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

fibroblasts or undifferentiated stem cells within c.t. proper undergo metaplasia and differentiate into osteoblasts

Question 19

Whats the difference between the 2

Answer 19

endochondral ossification is creating a free surface. intramembranous already has a free surface.

Question 20

describe the structure of a growing long bone

Answer 20

diaphasis which has the metaphyses which touches the epiphyseal cartilage

Question 21

what is the most active part of a growing bone?

Answer 21

metaphyses