Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

December CNS Exam > Gropper - Fiber > Flashcards

Gropper - Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary fiber is currently defined as ____.

(A) ​carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants
(B) ​carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted or manufactured; and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
(C) ​crude fiber
(D) ​the same as functional fiber

A

(A) ​carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in
plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional fiber is currently defined as ____.​

(A) ​carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in
plants
(B) ​carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted or manufactured; and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans
(C) ​all dietary fiber
(D) ​the same as crude fiber

A

(B) ​carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted or manufactured; and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is considered a functional fiber?​

(A) ​hemicellulose
(B) ​fructans
(C) ​psyllium
(D) ​lignin

A

(C) ​psyllium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dietary fibers are mainly provided by ____.​

(A) ​proteins that have been heated with sugars
(B) ​plant cell walls
(C) ​chitin and chitosan
(D) ​plant gums

A

(B) ​plant cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of bond imparts a three-dimensional structure to cellulose?​

(A) ​covalent
(B) ​ionic
(C) ​hydrogen
(D) ​glycosidic

A

(C) ​hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which component of cereals contains the most fiber?

(A) ​germ layer
(B) ​endosperm
(C) ​husk
(D) ​bran

A

(D) ​bran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of food does not contain cellulose purified from wood?

(A) ​canned green beans
(B) ​cake mixes
(C) ​sandwich spreads
(D) ​fruit juice mixes

A

(A) ​canned green beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which component of the cell wall contributes to the fiber content of foods?

(A) ​waxes
(B) ​cutin
(C) ​bran layer
(D) ​suberin

A

(C) ​bran layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which group of high-fiber foods contains the greatest quantities of hemicellulose?​

(A) ​legumes
(B) ​whole-grain cereals and bran
(C) ​fruits
(D) ​vegetables

A

(B) ​whole-grain cereals and bran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cereals contain more fiber than other grains?​

(A) ​rye and barley
(B) ​wheat and corn
(C) ​rye and wheat
(D) ​oats and wheat

A

(A) ​rye and barley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pectins are part of the cell wall and middle lamella and are not ____.​

(A) ​water soluble
(B) ​gel forming
(C) ​stable at acidic pHs
(D) ​stable at basic pHs

A

(D) ​stable at basic pHs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

​Which fiber is often added to foods as a thickening or texturing agent?

(A) ​lignin
(B) ​gums
(C) ​cellulose
(D) ​hemicellulose

A

(C) ​cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a water-soluble, gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas?​

(A) ​lignin
(B) ​gum
(C) ​pectin
(D) ​cellulose

A

(C) ​pectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the hydrocolloids that are secreted at a site of injury on a plant or surround the endosperm of some seeds and that are used as thickening agents?​

(A) ​lignin
(B) ​cellulose
(C) ​pectins
(D) ​gums

A

(D) ​gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are plant polysaccharides found in flax and psyllium that are effective in reducing serum LDL cholesterol?

(A) ​beta-glucans
(B) ​fructans
(C) ​mucilages
(D) ​chitin

A

(A) ​beta-glucans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

​Common food sources of fructans are ____.

(A) ​strawberries, apples, and citrus fruits
(B) ​whole grains
(C) ​chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes
(D) ​legumes

A

(C) ​chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes

17
Q

​Which of the following fibers stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

(A) ​lignins
(B) ​fructans
(C) ​β-glucans
(D) ​cellulose

A

(B) ​fructans

18
Q

Which substance is used to replace fat in fillings, dairy products, and dressings?​

(A) ​fructooligosaccharides
(B) ​mucilages
(C) ​inulin
(D) ​β-glucans

A

(C) ​inulin

19
Q

An example of an RS1 starch is ____.​

(A) ​unripe bananas
(B) ​whole grains and seeds
(C) ​avocados
(D) ​corn-based products

A

(B) ​whole grains and seeds

20
Q

The predominant source of chitin is ____.​

(A) ​shells of crab, lobster, and shrimp
(B) ​bran
(C) ​vegetables
(D) ​fruits

A

(A) ​shells of crab, lobster, and shrimp

21
Q

β-glucans are found in ____.

(A) ​oat products and barley
(B) ​citrus fruits, strawberries, and apples
(C) ​chicory, asparagus, and onions
(D) bran, nuts, and legumes

A

(A) ​oat products and barley

22
Q

Gums are found in ____.​

(A) ​nuts, peas, and root vegetables
(B) ​shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobster
(C) ​oatmeal, barley, and legumes
(D) ​citrus fruits, strawberries, and raspberries

A

(C) ​oatmeal, barley, and legumes

23
Q

Glycemic control is ____ in response to foods rich in fiber or to fiber supplements.

(A) ​unchanged
(B) ​improved
(C) ​reduced
(D) ​not known

A

(B) ​improved

24
Q

Which of the following high-fiber foods are most effective in lowering serum cholesterol?

(A) ​corn and wheat
(B) ​chitosan and chitin
(C) ​rice bran and wheat bran
(D) ​oat bran

A

(D) ​oat bran

25
Q

Which fiber type is slowly fermentable?​

(A) ​lignin
(B) ​pectin
(C) ​gums
(D) ​resistant starch

A

(A) ​lignin

26
Q

Which volatile short-chain fatty acid is believed to lower serum cholesterol by acting as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis?

(A) ​acetic
(B) ​butyric
(C) ​propionic
(D) ​palmitic

A

(C) ​propionic

27
Q

Because fibers absorb primary bile acids to promote their excretion, they help to protect against ____.​

(A) ​colon cancer
(B) ​diarrhea
(C) ​prostate cancer
(D) ​melanoma

A

(D) ​melanoma

28
Q

Which scenario is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

(A) ​increased glucose absorption
(B) ​delayed gastric emptying
(C) ​increased bile acid excretion
(D) ​increased fecal bulk

A

(A) ​increased glucose absorption

29
Q

Which mechanism is not associated with the manner in which fiber lowers serum cholesterol concentrations?

(A) ​decreased transit time
(B) ​increased excretion of bile acids in the feces
(C) ​a shift of bile acid pools toward chenodeoxycholic acid, which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
(D) ​production of propionic acid from gut fermentation of fiber

A

(A) ​decreased transit time

30
Q

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?​

(A) ​by increasing growth of bacteria that use the lipids
(B) ​by lowering blood cholesterol
(C) ​by adsorbing/interacting with lipids
(D) ​by reducing mineral absorption

A

(C) ​by adsorbing/interacting with lipids

December CNS Exam (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions