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December CNS Exam > Food Sources > Flashcards

Food Sources Flashcards

1
Q

The following are sources of which vitamin?

Beef/goose/veal/turkey LIVER 
Chicken/lamb LIVER
Sweet Potato
Canned Pumpkin
Squash
Carrots
Cantaloupe
Cooked spinach
Cooked Kalet 
Cod Liver Oil
A

Vitamin A top food sources are mostly animal origin….beta carotenes are plant.

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2
Q

RDA for men of Vit A is ________ and for women is_______.

A

3000 IU (900 mcg RaE) and 2310 IU (700mcg RAE)

primer
625 ug for men
500 ug for women

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3
Q

Vit A and carotenoids are absorbed in which part of the intestinal tract? (2 answers)

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon

A

Duodenum and jejunum

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4
Q

Agonist for vitamin A

A

Fat and Vitamin E

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5
Q

These are signs of which deficiency?

night blindness
Poor dark adaptation
Xerophthalma
Bitot's spots 
Hyperkeratosis
A

vit A

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6
Q

TUL for Vit A

A

3000 mcg or 10,000 IU

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7
Q

Toxicity of which vitamin has the following s/s?

Nausea, vomiting
double/blurred vision
increased intracranial pressure
headache
dizziness
skin desquamation
Muscle incoordination
A

Vitamin A

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8
Q

How does vitamin A need change with regard to pregnancy and lactation?

Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
Increases for lactation, but not for pregnancy

A

Increases for both, but more so for lactation. Pregnancy 750-770 mcg while Lactation is 1200-1300mcg

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9
Q

Vit ___ is involved in what process or functions? (6)

growth, reproduction
cell differentiation
vision
immune function
bone health
antioxidants
A

Vit A

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10
Q

These are sources of which vitamin?

Cod Liver Oil
Salmon
Mackerel
Herring
Sardines
tuna
Beef liver
Fortified dairy and juices
Eggs 
Shitake mushrooms
A

Vit D

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11
Q

Vit D is absorbed in which part of small intestine? (2)

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon

A

Duodenum and Ileum….MAJORITY is absorbed in ileum though

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12
Q

Vit D RDA for adults is _____ up to age 70. From 71 up, it is_______.

A

600 IU

800 IU for 71 and above

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13
Q

Does Vitamin D have higher requirements during pregnancy and lactation?

A

No

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14
Q

1 IU of vitamin D = ______ mcg Vit D

1

  1. 5
  2. 25
  3. 025
A

0.025mcg

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15
Q

TUL for Vit D from 9 yrs and up?

A

4000IU (100mcg)

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16
Q

Vit D is excreted in the

urine
Sweat
Feces

A

Feces

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17
Q

Vitamin A is excreted

Urine
Feces
Urine and Feces
Sweat and Urine

A

Urine and Feces

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18
Q

Sources of vitamin ______ include?

Wheat germ
Sunflower oil
Safflower oil
Canola oil
Almonds
Peanuts
Hazelnuts
Cooked spinach
Broccoli
Fortified cereals
Fatty animal products contain it, but are inferior source
A

Vitamin E

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19
Q

Vit E is primarily absorbed in the

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

A

Jejunum

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20
Q

Vit E is excreted in the

Urine
Feces
Urine and Feces
Sweat

A

Urine and Feces

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21
Q

Deficiency of Vit E is rare. Signs of deficiency:

A

myopathy, weakness, hemolytic anemia, degenerative neuro problems

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22
Q

RDA for Vit E is ____ for adults.

A

15mg

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23
Q

Does the RDA for Vit E change for pregnancy or lactation? If so, how?

A

Not for pregnancy, but it increases to 19mg for lactation

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24
Q

1mg of alpha tocopherol = ____ IU from natural sources and _____ IU from synthetic.

A
  1. 49 IU natural

2. 22 IU synthetic

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25
Q

TUL for Vit E is

A

1000mg

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26
Q

Signs of toxicity for which vitamin?

GI disturbances, increased risk for bleeding, muscle weakness, fatigue, double vision

A

Vitamin E

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27
Q

Food sources of vitamin ______ include:

Kale
Swiss Chard
Turnips
Broccoli
Watercress greens
Collards
Spinach
A

K1

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28
Q

Sources for K2

A

Synthesized by intestinal bacteria
Liver
Fermented cheese

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29
Q

K1 is absorbed in

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

A

Jejunum

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30
Q

K2 is absorbed in

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon

A

Ileum and colon

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31
Q

What interferes with Vit K absorption?

A

Vitamins A and E

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32
Q

K1 and K2 are excreted

A

Primarily in feces, but some in urine

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33
Q

Adults RDA vit k

A

120mcg for men

90mcg for women

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34
Q

How does pregnancy/lactation affect Vit K needs?

A

Neither does…no change needed

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35
Q

TUL for Vit K

A

None, unless it’s the synthetic option which can cause hemolytic anemia and liver damage

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36
Q

Signs of Vit K deficiency?

A

Bleeding

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37
Q

Which B vitamins are involved in energy releasing?

B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
Folate
B12
A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7

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38
Q

Which B vitamins are involved in hematopoiesis? (4)

B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
Folate
B12
A

Folate, B12, B6, B5

the formation and development of blood cells. In the embryo and fetus it takes place in a variety of sites including the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; from birth throughout the rest of life it is mainly in the bone marrow with a small amount occurring in lymph nodes.

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39
Q

Sources of

Kiwi
Red Pepper
Strawberries
Papaya
Oranges
Orange Juice
Cantaloupe
Cauliflower
Broccoli
Brussel Sprouts
A

Vitamin C

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40
Q

Vitamin C absorbs

Stomach
Throughout small intestine
Only in duodenum
Colon

A

Throughout the small intestine

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41
Q

Vitamin C is excreted in the

A

urine

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42
Q

Vitamin C deficiency is the 4 H’s involved with scurvy. What are they?

A

Hemorrhagic signs
Hyperkeratosis of hair follicles
Hypochondriasis (psychological manifestations)
Hematologic abnormalities (associated with impaired collagen synth and iron absorption)

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43
Q

TUL of Vit C is

A

2 grams

2000 mg

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44
Q

Toxicity of Vit C has 1 major impact…which is?

A

Abd pain and/or osmotic diarrhea

osmotic diarrhea occurs when too many solutes — the components of the food you eat — stay in your intestine and water can’t be absorbed properly. This excess water causes your bowel movements to be loose or more liquid than solid

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45
Q

Sources of which B-vitamin?

Pork
Black beans
Beef  and beef liver
Trout
Whole grains
Salmon
A

Thiamin

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46
Q

Thiamin is primarily absorbed in the (2)

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon

A

Jejunum and Ileum

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47
Q

Thiamin is excreted in the

A

urine

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48
Q

RDA for Thiamin is ______ for men and _______ for women.
Pregnancy and lactation?

  1. 5 mg
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3
A

1.2mg and 1.1mg
preg/lac: 1.4

according to primer

  1. 0 men
  2. 9 women
  3. 2 preg and lac
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49
Q

Does thiamin need increase during pregnancy and lactation?

A

Yes , Increases to 1.4mg daily for both (some say 1.5 for lactation)

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50
Q

TUL for Thiamin

A

None

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51
Q

Sources for which B-Vitamin?

Liver
Milk and Milk products
Eggs
Almonds
Meat
Legumes
Spinach
A

B2

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52
Q

Riboflavin is absorbed in the _____ small intestine and excreted primarily in the _____

A

Proximal

Urine

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53
Q

Riboflavin RDA for men and women is

  1. 5 mg
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3
A

1.3 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women

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54
Q

Does Riboflavin need during pregnancy and lactation?

A

YES….Increases to 1.4mg and 1.6mg

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55
Q

Signs of Deficiency of which vitamin?

cheilosis, glossitis, hyperemia,edema of oral mucous membranes, stomatitis, photophobia, severe deficiency may diminish synthesis of coenzyme form of Vit B6 and synthesis of niacin from tryptophan, DNA damage

A

B2

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56
Q

TUL for B2?

A

None

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57
Q

Sources for which B-vitamin?

Beef liver
Veal
Turkey
Chicken
Tuna
Salmon
Pork
Enriched foods/cereals
Spaghetti
Lentils
A

B3

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58
Q

Niacin is absorbed where?

A

Stomach and small intestine

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59
Q

Niacin is excreted in the

A

urine

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60
Q

RDAs for men and women of niacin?

10mg
12mg
14mg
16mg

A 
men = 16mg
women = 14mg
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61
Q

Does Niacin males, females, preg, lactation

16mg
14mg
17mg
18mg

A

YES
pregnancy = 18mg
Lactation = 17mg
adult males is 16 milligrams (mg) a day and for adult women who aren’t pregnant, 14 mg a day

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62
Q

TUL for Niacin

A

35mg

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63
Q

Toxicity signs for which B vitamin?

over 1 gram a day, can see flushing, GI issues, liver injury, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycemia

A

b3

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64
Q

Sources for which B-vitamin?

Beef liver
Meats
Egg yolk
Fish
Sunflower Seed
Yogurt
Mushrooms
Broccoli
Avocados
A

b5

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65
Q

Primary site of absorption for B5

A

Jejunum

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66
Q

B5 is excreted predominantly in

A

Urine

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67
Q

Adequate Intake amount for B5, adults

3mg
3mcg
5mg
5mcg

A 
men = 5mg
women = 5mg
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68
Q 
Does AI for B5 increase during pregnancy and lactation?
6mg
6mcg
7mg
7mcg
A

YES
Preg = 6mg
Lactation = 7mg

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69
Q

Sx of B5 deficiency?

A

RARE, but “burning feet syndrome”, tingling hands/feet, vomiting, fatigue, irritability

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70
Q

TUL for B5 and toxicity symptoms?

A

None, but with HIGH doses, potential for GI distress

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71
Q

Sources for which b-vitamin?

Liver
Egg
Salmon
Avocado
Pork
Yeast
Sunflower Seeds
Sweet potato
A

Biotin

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72
Q

Biotin site of absorption is

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal small intestine
the proximal and midtransverse colon
Ileum
Colon
midtransverse colon
A

proximal small intestine

The most proximal portion of the small intestine is the duodenum

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73
Q

Biotin produced by gut bacteria is absorbed in

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal small intestine
the proximal and midtransverse colon
Ileum
Colon
midtransverse colon
A

the proximal and midtransverse colon

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74
Q

Dietary biotin is excreted primarily in the

A

urine

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75
Q

AI for Biotin is

30 mg
30 mcg
35 mg
35 mcg

A

30 mcg for adults

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76
Q

Does Biotin AI during pregnancy and lactation increase?

A

No change for pregnancy (30mcg), but increase to 35 mcg for lactation

77
Q

Sx of deficiency of which B-vitamin?

anorexia, nausea, depression, loss of muscle control, skin irritations

A

biotin

78
Q

TUL of Biotin

A

none

79
Q

Sources of what vitamin

Liver
pinto beans
black beans
lentils
spinach
brussel sprouts
broccoli
asparagus
turnip and collard greens
A

Folate

80
Q

Folate is primarily absorbed in the _______ and excreted in the __________.

A

duodenum, urine and feces

81
Q

Which mineral is needed for folate to be digested/absorbed due to its effect on brush border carboxypeptidase (cleaves the polyglutamate form into monoglutamate)?

Mg
Zinc
Calcium
Mn

A

Zinc

82
Q

Folate requirements are

A

400mcg daily for adults

83
Q

Pregnancy/lactation folate needs are

A 
Pregnancy = 600mcg
Lactation = 500mcg
84
Q

TUL for folate is

A

1000 mcg (1 mg) from supplements or enriched foods

85
Q

Toxicity sx for folate

A

Because it can mask B12 deficiency at high doses, neuro sx are signs of this. Also, insomnia, malaise, irritability, GI distress

86
Q

Sources of which B-vitamin?

Clams
Beef liver
Oysters
Mussels
Mackerel
Crab
Beef
Salmon
A

B12

87
Q

B12 is absorbed in the

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal small intestine
the proximal and midtransverse colon
Ileum
Colon
midtransverse colon
A

ileum

88
Q

B12 is excreted primarily in the

A

bile/feces

89
Q

RDA for b12 is

A
  1. 4 mcg

2. 0ug according to primer

90
Q

Pregnancy and lactation RDA for B12…is there any increase in need?

  1. 2 mcg
  2. 6
  3. 8
  4. 7
A

YES
Pregnancy = 2.6 mcg
Lactation = 2.89 mcg

91
Q

TUL for B12

A

none

92
Q

sources of which b-vitamin?

Chickpeas
Beef Liver
yellowfin tuna
wild salmon
russet potato
light meat turkey
avocado
light meat chicken
spinach
A

b6

93
Q

B6 absorption site

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal small intestine
the proximal and midtransverse colon
Ileum
Colon
midtransverse colon
A

jejunum

94
Q

Excretion of B6 occurs

A

urine

95
Q

RDA for B6
Men 19-50 y/o=
Men 51 + =

Women 19-50 y/o =
Women 51+ =

  1. 3 mg
  2. 9mg
  3. 5mg
  4. 7mg
A

Men 19-50 y/o= 1.3 mg
Men 51 + = 1.7mg

Women 19-50 y/o = 1.3mg
Women 51+ = 1.5mg

96
Q

B6 for pregnancy and lactation … Does the need increase?

preg

  1. 6 mg
  2. 0
  3. 3
  4. 9

lactation

  1. 6 mg
  2. 0
  3. 3
  4. 9
A

YES
preg = 1.9mg
lactation = 2.0mg

97
Q

TUL of b6

1000mg/day
100mg/day
1000mcg/day
100mcg/day

A

100mg/day

98
Q

Signs of which b-vitamin toxicity?

unsteady gait, tingling in the extremities, impaired tendon reflexes, peripheral neuropathy

A

B6

99
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Milk
Yogurt
Cheddar cheese
Salmon
Sardines
Clams
Oysters
White beans
Bok Choi
Figs
A

Calcium

100
Q

Absorption of calcium occurs in the (2)

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal jejunum
Ileum
Colon
A

duodenum and proximal jejunum

101
Q

Calcium is excreted in which ways?

A

Urine, Feces, sweating

102
Q

RDA calcium

adults 19-70
adults 71+

A

Men 19-70 = 1000mg
Men 71+ = 1200mg

Women 19-50 = 1000mg
Women 51+ = 1200 mg

103
Q

Does Calcium RDA for pregnancy and lactation increase?

A

NO (3rd trimester sees a 300mg need increase, but not necessary from supplementation)

pregnancy and lactation = 1000mg

104
Q

TUL for Calcium

19-50 y/o =
51 + =

A

19-50 y/o = 2500mg/d

51 + = 2000mg/d

105
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Chinook salmon
Yogurt
Skim milk
Halibut
Turkey
Chicken
Beef
Lentils
Almonds
A

Phosphorous (protein rich foods are best options)

106
Q

Phosphorous is primarily absorbed in the (2)

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal jejunum
Ileum
Colon
A

duodenum and jejunum

107
Q

Excretion of phosphorous

A

primarily urine, some in feces

108
Q

RDA phosphorous, teens, adults

1250mg/day
1250mcg/day
700mg/day
700mcg/day

A

Teens need 1250mg/day (also pregnant teens)
Adults need 700mg/day
No adjustments for pregnancy/lactation

109
Q

Sx of _____ deficiency

can be fatal, but can cause loss of appetite, anemia, muscle weakness, poor bone development
-neuromuscular, skeletal, hematologic and cardiac manifestations, rickets, osteomalacia

A

Sx of Phosphorous deficiency (although very rare)

110
Q

TUL for phosphorous
19-70 y/o =
71 + =

4 grams
3
2
5

A

19-70 y/o = 4 grams
71 + = 3 grams

Pregnant women = 3.5 g
Lactating = 4 g

111
Q

_____ toxicity results in the mineralization of soft tissues, especially kidneys

A

Phosphorous

112
Q

Which mineral is found in these Sources?

Brazil nuts
Oat bran cereal
Brown rice
Cashews
Mackerel
Spinach
Almonds
Swiss Chard
A

Magnesium

113
Q

Mg is absorbed mainly in the (2)

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal jejunum
Ileum
Colon
A

jejunum and ileum

114
Q

Mg is secreted

A

urine

115
Q

Mg RDA

Male 19-30 =
Women 19-30 =

Male 31+ =
Women 31 + =

420mcg
400mcg
310mcg
320mcg
420mg
400mg
310mg
320mg
A

Male 19-30 = 400mg
Women 19-30 = 310mg

Male 31+ = 420mg
Women 31 + = 320mg

Primer
men 330-350
women 255-265

116
Q

Pregnancy and lactation Mg RDA

19-30
31+

360 mg
350 mg
320 mg
310 mg

A

Pregnancy INCREASES
19-30 y/o = 350mg
31+ = 360mg

Lactation = same as non-pregnant…19-30 = 310mg and 31+ = 320mg

117
Q

These are signs of which deficiency (mineral)?

severe deficiency causes abnormal nerve and muscle function, especially in cardiac tissue
-neuromuscular-hyperexcitability, muscle weakness, tetany
can cause hypokalemia
-associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

A

Magnesium

118
Q

TUL for Mg

200mg
250
300
350

A

from non-food sources is 350mg

119
Q

Sx of which mineral toxicity?

nausea, flushing, double vision, slurred speech, muscle weakness…if given IV, paralysis and heart failure

A

Magnesium

120
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Dried apricots
baked potato w/skin
Beet greens
prunes
raisins
Lima beans
Acorn squash
Banana
Avocado
A

Potassium

121
Q

Potassium excreted by

A

kidneys in urine

122
Q

AIs for Potassium
male/female
preg
lactation

3500mg
4500mcg
4700mg
5100mg

A

Males and Females (including pregnancy) = 4700mg/day

Lactation = 5100mg/day

123
Q

TUL for Potassium

A

None….BUT potassium supplements should be used only under medical supervision…too high dose can cause weakness or cardiac arrest

124
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Pacific Oysters
Beef liver
Clams
Mussels
Chicken liver
Tofu
Spinach
Prune juice
A

Iron

125
Q

Sites of iron absorption

A

Heme iron and non-heme primarily absorb in the duodenum

126
Q

EXcretion of iron

A

primarily via GI tract, some through kidneys

127
Q

Sx of Iron deficiency

A

anemia, fatigue, impaired work performance, decreased resistance to infection

128
Q 
RDAs for Iron
Adult male = 
5mg
7mg
8mg
9mg

Females 14-18 =

9mg
15mg
18mg
27mg

Females 19-50 = 
9mg 
15mg
18mg
27mg
Pregnancy = 
9mg 
15mg
18mg
27mg
Lactation=
9mg 
15mg
18mg
27mg
A 
Adult male = 8mg
Females 14-18 = 15mg
Females 19-50 = 18mg
Pregnancy = 27mg
Lactation=9mg (unless 18 or under, than 10mg)
129
Q

TUL for iron

40mg 
35mg
18mg
27mg
45mg
A

45mg

130
Q

Acute iron toxicity sx

A

GI and other tissue damage

131
Q

Chronic iron toxicity is usually associated with which genetic disease?

A

hemochromatosis

132
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Oysters
Beef chuck roast
ground beef
Crab
Beef liver
Fortified oat cereal
Veal
Dry roasted soybeans
Pine nuts
Cashews
A

Zinc

133
Q

Absorption of Zinc occurs primarily in

duodenum and upper jejunum
upper jejunum and ileum
duodenum and ileum

A

the duodenum and upper jejunum

134
Q

Excretion of zinc mainly through

A

feces

135
Q

RDA of Zn

Adult men =
Adult women =

Pregnancy =
LActation =

A 
Adult men = 11mg
Adult women = 8mg
INCREASED NEED for:
Pregnancy = 11mg
LActation = 12mg
136
Q

TUL for Zn

40mg 
35mg
18mg
27mg
45mg
A

40mg

137
Q

Sx of deficiency of which mineral?

poor wound healing
subnormal growth
anorexia
abnormal taste/smell
impaired reproductive system development
A

Zinc

138
Q

Sx of which mineral toxicity?

metallic taste
headache
nausea
vomiting
epigastric pain
bloody diarrhea
A

zinc

139
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Beef liver
oysters (Eastern)
Lobster
Crab (king)
Crab (blue)
Cashews
Sunflower seeds
Hazelnuts
Lentils
whole grains
Nuts
A

Copper

140
Q

Copper absorption site

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal jejunum
Ileum
stomach
Colon
A

Primarily duodenum

141
Q

Copper excretion occurs almost entirely via

A

feces

142
Q

Signs of deficiency of which mineral?

anemia
neutropenia
bone and blood vessel abnormalities
impaired immune function

A

Copper

143
Q

RDA for Copper

90mg
90mcg
900mg
900mcg

A

Adult men and women = 900 mcg/day
INCREASED NEED for:
Pregnancy = 1000 mcg/day
Lactation = 1300 mcg/d

144
Q 
TUL for Copper
10mg/day
10mcg
100mg
100mcg
A

10mg/day (10,000 mcg)

145
Q

Signs of____ toxicity

Acute ingestion = GI discomfort, diarrhea, weakness, lethargy, anorexia.

Chronic = liver damage/jaundice, hematuria, kidney damage

A

Copper

146
Q

Sources of which mineral?

brazil nuts
yellowfin tuna
pacific oysters
clam
halibut
shrimp 
salmon
long grain brown rice
sunflower seeds
A

Selenium

147
Q

Selenium is absorbed

A

throughout small intestine, all sections

148
Q

Selenium is excreted via:

A

half urine, half feces

149
Q

RDA for Selenium adults

50 mcg/d
55 mcg/d
50 mg/d
55 mg/d

A

Men and women = 55 mcg/d
INCREASED NEED for:

Pregnancy = 60
Lactation = 70
150
Q

Sx of which mineral deficiency?

myalgia
cardiomyopathy
abnormal sulfur metabolism
poor growth

A

Selenium

151
Q

Toxicity sx for which mineral:

nausea/vomiting
fatigue
diarrhea
hair/nail brittleness
paresthesia
inhibition of protein synthesis
A

Selenium

152
Q

Sources of which mineral?

Broccoli
Brewer's yeast
Beef liver
Raw mushrooms
Grape juice
english muffin
potato
A

Chromium

153
Q

Chromium is absorbed primarily in the

A

jejunum

154
Q

Almost entirely, chromium is excreted in the

A

urine

155
Q

AI for Chromium :

45 mcg
40 mcg
35 mcg
30 mcg
25 mcg
20mcg

Men 19-50 =
Women 19-50 =

Men 51+ =
Women 51+ =

Pregnancy =
Lactation =

A

Men 19-50 = 35 mcg
Women 19-50 = 25 mcg

Men 51+ =30 mcg
Women 51+ = 20mcg

Pregnancy = 30 mcg
Lactation = 45 mcg
156
Q

SX of chromium deficiency:

A

glucose intolerance

glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities

157
Q

TUL for Chromium?

A

None….no adverse effects up to 1000mcg

158
Q

Sources of which mineral?

seaweed
Cod
Cow's milk
potato with peel
turkey breast
shrimp 
fish sticks
A

iodine

159
Q

Iodide usually absorbed in the

Duodenum
Jejunum
proximal jejunum
Ileum
stomach
Colon
A

Stomach (iodine is converted to iodide)

160
Q

Iodide excretion mainly through the

A

urine

161
Q

RDA for iodine

15mg
15mcg
150mcg
150mg

A

men and women = 150mcg
INCREASED NEED for:
Pregnancy = 220
Lactation = 290

162
Q

Sx of iodine deficiency

A

enlarged thyroid (goiter)

163
Q

TUL of iodine

  1. 0mg
  2. 3
  3. 1
  4. 7
A

1.1mg

164
Q

Sx of _______ toxicity

nausea/vomiting
diarrhea
fever
thyroid dysfunction/inflammation

A

Iodine

165
Q

Sources of which mineral?

blue mussels
hazelnuts
brown rice
pecans
oysters
clams
chickpeas
spinach
pineapple
A

Manganese

166
Q

Manganese absorption occurs

A

throughout the small intestine

167
Q

Manganese is almost entirely excreted through the

A

bile and feces

168
Q

AIs for Manganese

Men
2.3 mg
23 mcg
230 mcg

Women
1.8 mg
18 mcg
180 mcg

Is there an increased need for pregnancy? If so, what is it?

A 
Men = 2.3 mg
Women = 1.8 mg

INCREASED NEED for:
Pregnancy = 2.0 mg
Lactation = 2.6mg

169
Q

Sx of _____ min deficiency

impaired growth and skeletal abnormalities
CNS dysfunction

A

Manganese

170
Q

TUL of Mn

10mg
15
11
8

A

11mg

171
Q

Sx of Toxicity of which mineral?

Liver damage/failure
Neurological abnormalities

Chronic = insomnia, headache, forgetfulness, anxiety, compulsive bx, reduced speed response, rapid hand movements, gait disturbance

A

Manganese

172
Q

Sources of which mineral?

black eyed peas
beef liver
lima beans
yogurt
milk
potato with skin
banana
white rice

Mn
Mo
Mg
K

A

Molybdenum

173
Q

Absorption of Mo occurs mostly

A

in proximal small intestine

174
Q

Mo is excreted by

A

kidneys

175
Q 
RDAs for Mo
4500 mcg
450mg
45mg
45 mcg
A

adults = 45 mcg
INCREASED NEED for:
Pregnancy and lactation = 50

176
Q

Sx of _____ mineral deficiency

hypermethionemia, increased urinary xanthine and sulfite excretion, and decreased urinary sulfate

A

Molybdenum

177
Q

TUL for Mo

A

2000mcg

178
Q

Sx of Mo toxicity

A

gout

179
Q

Does Vitamin C requirement increase during pregnancy?

A

Yes to 85mg during preg, and 120 mg during lactation

180
Q

Which vitamins/minerals do NOT require an increase during pregnancy? (8)

A 
Vit D
Vit E
Vit K
Biotin
Potassium
Calcium
Flouride
Phosphorous
181
Q

Which vitamins and minerals do NOT require an increase during Lactation? (5)

A 
Vit D
Vit K
Calcium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
182
Q

Seafood, meat, grains, grain products are sources of?

Arsenic
Boron
Vanadium
Nickel

A

Arsenic

183
Q

Fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts are sources of

Arsenic
Boron
Vanadium
Nickel

A

Boron

184
Q

Nuts, legumes, grains, cocoa products are sources of?

Vanadium
Silicon
Nickel

A

Nickel

185
Q

Beer, refined grains, root vegetables are sources of

Vanadium
Silicon
Arsenic

A

Silicon

186
Q

Which ultratrace mineral is useful for bone development, cell membrane stability, immune function, brain function?

Fluoride
Boron
Arsenic
Vanadium

A

Boron

187
Q

vitamin with TUL (8)

A 
Niacin (B3) = 35mg
Pyridoxine (B6) = 100mg
Folate = 1000 mcg (1mg)
Choline = 3500mg
vitamin C = 2000 mg
vitamin A = 3000 mcg
Vitamin D = 4000IU, 100mcg
Vitamin E = 1000mg
188
Q

No change in pregnancy (7)

A 
Vit D
Vit E
Vit K
Biotin
Potassium (K)
Ca
Phos (P)
189
Q

Adult soluble fiber intake?

Don’t go higher than?

A

25-35g

50g

December CNS Exam (21 decks)

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