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Grammar Verbs 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 modes that verbs can be in?

A
  • El modo indicativo
  • El modo subjuntivo
  • El modo imperativo
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2
Q

What are the different tenses that verbs can be in?

A
  • Tiempos simples: a single word
  • Tiempos compuestos: haber + past participle
  • Continuous form as well
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3
Q

How do we categorise regular verbs?

A
  • ar
  • er
  • ir
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4
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which describes basic, natural characteristics?

A

SER
Nuestro piano es muy grande y de alta calidad.
Es de hierro y madera.

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5
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which describes where you are from?

A

SER

Somos de Barcelona.

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6
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used to tell the time?

A

SER

Son las doce.

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7
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used to say the date

A

Either
Es el dos de junio.
Estamos a dos de junio

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8
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used with noun phrases to identify people and objects in anser to the questions ¿Quién? and ¿Qué?

A

SER
Mi padre es músico.
Somos una familia musical.

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9
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used to form the true passive

A

SER

El piano has sido vendido.

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10
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which relates to state?

A

ESTAR
Estoy de buen humor.
Estoy muy contenta hoy porque acabo de aprobar mi examen.

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11
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which describes what something is made of

A

ESTAR

El piano estaba hecho de madera y hierro.

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12
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used to answer the questions ¿Dónde? and ¿Cómo?

A

ESTAR

Estoy en casa hoy.

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13
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used to form the progressive tenses

A

ESTAR

Estamos aprendiendo.

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14
Q

SER/ESTAR

Which is used in the descriptive passive with past participle.

A

ESTAR

El piano está vendido.

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15
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar aburrido?

A

Ser aburrido To be boring

Estar aburrido To be bored

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16
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar bueno?

A

Ser bueno To be good

Estar bueno To be tasty

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17
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar cansado?

A

Ser cansado To be tiresome

Estar cansado To be tired

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18
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar divertido?

A

Ser divertido To be amusing

Estar divertido To be amused

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19
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar listo?

A

Ser listo To be clever

Estar listo To be ready

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20
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar malo?

A

Ser malo To be bad

Estar malo To be sick / ill

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21
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar delgado/a?

A

Ser delgada To be a thin person

Estar delgada To have gotten thin

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22
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar nervioso?

A

Ser nervioso To be a nervous person

Estar nervioso to have gotten nervous

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23
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar vivo / a?

A

Ser vivo To be sharp / quick

Estar vivo To be alive

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24
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar pálido/a?

A

Ser pálida To be pale-complexioned

Estar pálida To be pale

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25
Q

What’s the difference between ser / estar seguro / a?

A

Ser seguro To be safe

Estar seguro To be sure

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26
Q

What is an impersonal verb?

A

An impersonal verb has the subject “it”

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27
Q

List some impersonal verbs to do with the weather.

verbs alone

A 
Llover	To rain
Nevar	To snow
Helar	To freeze
Amanecer	To dawn
Anochecer	To get dark
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28
Q

List some impersonal verbs to do with the weather + hacer

A 
Hacer (muy) buen tiempo	
To be (very) good weather
Hacer (muy) mal tiempo	
To be (Very) bad weather
Hacer (mucho) frío	
To be (very) cold
Hacer (mucho) calor	
To be (very) hot
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29
Q

How do you use impersonal verbs to mean “ago”?

A

Hace is also used meaning “ago” and is placed before the time phrase.
Hace diez años, el invierno fue atroz.

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30
Q

How is haber used as an impersonal verb to mean “there is” or “there are”

A

Haber is used in the third person – always singular – with the meaning of “there is” or “there are”. In the present tense the form hay is used.

Ayer habia agua en las carreteras pero hoy hay hielo. Habrá problemas para los automoviliestas.

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31
Q

How is haber used as an impersonal verb to mean “it is necessary to”

A

hay que

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32
Q

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

How do you structure them with nouns?

A

Object (person) + Verb in third person + noun

A mi hijo le gustan las ordenadores.
Le gusta el fútbol.
A mi no me gustan los ordenadores.

A pronoun object is often reinforced by a + the disjunctive pronoun, especially for emphasis.

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33
Q

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

How do you structure them with verbs?

A

To say “I like” or “I feel like” doing something, the second verbs goes in the infinitive.

Me duelen los dientes pero no me apetece ir al dentista.
A mi hijo le encanta jugar con su ordenador, pero no le interesa lavar los platos.

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34
Q

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

How do you structure them with verb + que

A

If the verb is influencing another person or thing to do something, the subjunctive is needed after que.

No nos gusta que pase tanto tiempo con su ordenador.

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35
Q

List some common verbs like GUSTAR

A 
Me apetece(n)	I feel like / fancy
Me duele(n)	I have a pain in
Me emociona(n)	I am thrilled by
Me encanta(n)	I love
Me entusiasma(n)	I am keen on / enthusiastic about
Me falta(n)	I am missing 
Me gusta(n)	I like
Me interesa(n)	I am interested in
Me queda(n)	I have left
Me sobra(n)	I have … over /too much
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36
Q

What is a transitive verb?

A

When a verb requires a direct object in order to complete its sense it is called transitive. The predicate may contain a great deal of optional information (e.g. para el vuelo de las cinco de la tarde) for the verb to perform its grammatical function (e.g. el billete).
Pedro ha comprado un billete para el vuelo de las cinco de la tarde.

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37
Q

What is an intransitive verb?

A

When a verb can stand in a sentence without needing further information it is called intransitive.
Llega.

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38
Q

When the transitive verb describes the transfer of the direct object to another person / thing, then what happens to that person / thing?

A

When the transitive verbs describes the transfer of the direct object to another person or thing then the person / thing becomes the indirect object of the verb.

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39
Q

List some verbs relating to transferring something or someone

A 
Dar	To give
Decir	To say / to tell
Describer	To describe
Enseñar	To teach / to show
Enviar	To send
Escribir	To write
Explicar	To explain
Mandar	To send
Mostrar	To show
Regalar	To gift
Prestar	To lend
Traer	To bring / to fetch
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40
Q

What happens when an action is performed to a part of someone’s body or clothing?

A

When an action is performed to a part of someone’s body or clothing, the person is the indirect object and no possessive is used.
Me operaron el pie.
El aceite le manchó la camisa.

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41
Q

What is a reflexive verb?

A

A reflexive verb is a transitive verbs whose action is turned back on the subject. The object therefore refers to the same person or thing as the subject.

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42
Q

There are a good number of common Spanish reflexive verbs with idiomatic rather than literal meanings. Among these are verbs that denote getting into a state and several verbs meaning become. List some

A 
Aburrirse	To get bored
Acostumbrarse	To get accustomed
Enojarse	To get angry
Extrañarse	To be surprised, puzzled
Fastidiarse	To get annoyed
Preocuparse	To get worried
Hacerse	To become
Ponerse	To become
Sentarse	To sit down / be seated
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43
Q

List some verbs that do not have a non reflexive form

A 
Arrepentirse	To repent, to be sorry
Atreverse	To dare
Dignarse	To deign
Jactarse	To boast
Quejarse	To complain
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44
Q

Sometimes making a verb reflexive in Spanish can intensify the meaning. List some of these verbs

A 
Beber	To drink
Beberse	To drink up
Comer	To eat
Comerse	To eat up
Caer	To fall
Caerse	To fall over
Ir	To go
Irse	To go away
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45
Q

TO BECOME

Physical or emotional change (n no effort)

A

Ponerse + adjective
Esteban se puso bravo al leer la carta.
Lidia y María se pusieron pálidas del susto.

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46
Q

TO BECOME

Sudden, involuntary change, more profound that ponerse

A

Volverse + adjective
El psicólogo se volvió loco.
Los politicos se volvieron muy arrogantes.

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47
Q

TO BECOME

profession / social status

A

Hacerse + nouns of profession / adjectives of social status

Sara se hizo abogada.

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48
Q

TO BECOME

Implying effort on the part of the subject

A

Llegarse a ser + nouns of profession / adjectives of social status

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49
Q

TO BECOME

Stresses the process of change

A
  • Pasar a ser
  • Convertirse en
  • Transformarse en

Atlanta se convirtió en una ciudad important.
El vino se transform en vinagre.

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50
Q

What is a modal verb?

A

A modal verb says something about the relationship between the subject and the full verb, which is in the infinitive.

Lo quiero hacer.
Se los queremos mandar.

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51
Q

What does poder mean?

A 
- To be able to / Can	
No podemos ir al concierto el sábado que viene ya que estaremos en Sevilla.
- Permission	
¿Puedo acompañarte al concierto?
¿Se puede?
  • Possibility
    Si no vamos a Sevilla, puede que vayamos al concierto.
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52
Q

How do you render “could have done”?

A

“could have done” can be rendered in two ways:
(1) imperfect / conditional of poder + haber + past participle;

(2) conditional perfect of poder + infinitive.

Podíamos haber ido al concierto.
Habriamos podido ir al concierto.

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53
Q

How can you describe permission more formally than poder?

A

Permission can be expressed more formally / emphatically through using permitir + infinitive.
No se permite fumar en los conciertos.

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54
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO
Obligation
because of circumstances

A

Tener que

No fuimos al concierto porque ese día tuvimos que ir a una reunion.

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55
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO

It is necessary to (action not actor)

A

Hay que

Para conocer bien la música clásica hay que comprar muchos discos compactos.

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56
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO
Duty / Moral obligation
Ought / should

A

Deber
Debemos ir a Sevilla a ver al tío enfermo.
Deberíamos ir al concierto.

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57
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO

What is to happen

A

Haber de

El sábado que viene hemos de ir a Sevilla.

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58
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO

Supposition

A

Deber de

Debe de ser un concierto muy interesante.

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59
Q

MODAL VERBS - MUST / HAVE TO
Ought to have happened
Should have happened

A

Haber + past participle
Deber + past participle
Deber (conditional perfect) + infinitive

Debíamos haber ido al concierto
Habríamos debido ir al concierto.

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60
Q

MODAL VERBS - WANT TO / WOULD LIKE TO

Want to do

A

Querer

Queremos ir al concierto pero no podemos.

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61
Q

MODAL VERBS - WANT TO / WOULD LIKE TO

More formal

A

Desear

Pues, ¿qué desea hacer?

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62
Q

MODAL VERBS - WANT TO / WOULD LIKE TO

Would like to

A

Quisiera
Gustaría

Quisiéramos ir al concierto.
Nos gustaria ir al concierto.

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63
Q

MODAL VERBS - WANT TO / WOULD LIKE TO

Would like to have done

A

Conditional perfect
Hubiéramos querido
Nos hubiera gustado ir al concierto.

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64
Q

MODAL VERBS - WANT TO / WOULD LIKE TO

Would like someone else to do

A

Subjunctive

Quisiéramos que Uds. fueran al concierto en nuestro lugar.

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65
Q

MODAL VERBS - FUTURE TENSE

to be going to

A

Ir a

Voy a ir al cine

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66
Q

MODAL VERBS - GETTING OR HAVING THINGS DNOE

Getting something done

A

Hacer

Cuando decidimos ir al concierto, hicimos reservar las entradas.

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67
Q

What is an infinitive?

A

Names a certain activity / state without saying when it happens

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68
Q

What is a gerund?

A

The part of the verb that ends in –ndo

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69
Q

What is a participle?

A

The part of the verb that ends in -do

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70
Q

What is the construction of the infinitive?

A
  • ar
  • er
  • ir
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71
Q

What is the construction of the gerund?

A
  • ando
  • iendo
  • iendo
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72
Q

What is the construction of the participle?

A
  • ado
  • ido
  • ido
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73
Q

What are the uses of the infinitive?

A
  • as a noun
  • only part of verb that can be used after a preposition, often to link preceding verb to the infinitive or with antes de, después de, en lugar de, para, sin, and en vez de.
  • After certain prepositions (al, time clause beginning with cuando, a or de (mean sí + condition), con (aunque), por) to replace a clause beginning with a conjunction.
  • imperative
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74
Q

What is the use of the gerund?

A
  • by doing, while doing, because of doing, if, when
  • llevar (since when)
  • ongoing action
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75
Q

What is the use of the participle?

A
  • compound past tenses
  • Passive with ser or estar
  • adjectives
  • participle clauses
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76
Q

What happens to object and reflexive pronouns with the gerund?

A 
Object and reflexive pronouns are attached to the gerund in writing and an accent mark is written over the a or e of the gerund ending.
Esperándolo
Dándomelos
Viéndolas
levantándose
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77
Q

GERUND

What happens to -er and -ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel?

A 
-er and -ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel use -yendo to form the gerund
Caer > cayendo
Creer > creyendo
Leer > leyendo
Oír > oyendo
Traer > trayendo
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78
Q

GERUND

What happens to -ir verbs that have a change in the vowel of the stem in the third person singular of the preterite?

A 
-ir verbs that have a change in the vowel of the stem in the third person singular of the preterit have the same change in the gerund
Decir	Dijo	Diciendo
Dormir	Durmió	Durmiendo
Morir	Murió	Muriendo
Pedir	Pidió	Pidiendo
Repetir	Repitió	Repitiendo
Sentir	Sintió	Sintiendo
Server	Sirvió	Sirviendo
Venir	Vino	Viniendo
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79
Q

GERUND

Poder

A

Pudiendo

80
Q

GERUND

Ir

A

Yendo

81
Q

List some verbs that can only be linked to their object by the preposition A

A 
Acercarse a 	To approach
To get near to
Asistar a 	To be present at
To witness
Contester a 	To answer
Jugar a	To play
Oler a	To smell of
Parecerse a 	To resemble
Persuadir a	To persuade of (linked to verb)
Responder a	To answer
Saber a 	To taste
To smack of
Sobrevivir a 	To survive
To outlive
Traducer a	To translate into
82
Q

List some verbs that can only be linked to their object by the preposition CON

A 
Acertar con	To hit upon
To come across
Casarse con	To get married to
Contar con	To rely on
To count on
To possess
Complir con	To fulfil (duty)
Dar con	To hit upon
To come across
Encontrarse con	To meet
Llenar con	To fill with
Sonar con	To dream of
83
Q

List some verbs that can only be linked to their object by the preposition DE

A 
Aburrrse de	To get bored with	
Acabar de	To have just	
Acordarse de	To remember	
Cambiar de	To change	
Carecer de	To lack	
Cuidar de	To take care of
To look after	
Depender de	To depend on	
Desconfiar de	To distrust	
Enamorarse de	To fall in love with	
Enfadarse de	To find out about	
Equivocarse de	To be wrong 
To be mistaken about	
Felicitar de	To congratulate on	
Gozar de	To enjoy	
Llenar de	To fill with	
Olvidarse de	Forget	
Persuader de	To persuade of (with noun)	Me persuadieron de la necesidad de ir al medico.
Preocuparse de	To worry about	
Prescindir de	To do without	
Reírse de	To laugh at 	
Server de	To serve as
To be used for	
Tartar de	To deal with	
Tratarse de	To be a question of
84
Q

List some verbs that can only be linked to their object by the preposition EN

A 
Fijarse en	To notice
To pay attention to
Insister en	To insist on
Quedar en	To agree on
Reparar en	To notice
85
Q

List some verbs that can only be linked to their object by the preposition POR

A 
Entusiasmarse por	To become enthusiastic about
Estar por	To be in favour of
Felicitar por	To congratulate on
Inquietarse por	To get anxious about
Interesarse por	To be interested in
Luchar por	To struggle for
To fight for
Optar por	To choose 
To opt for
86
Q

A great many verbs can be linked to a following infinitive by a preposition.

A

This is a fixed pairing and cannot be altered.

87
Q

What is the complement of a verb?

A

A small number of verbs simply act as a link between the subject and another word or phrase, which is called the complement of the verb. Usually the complement is a noun phrase, in which case it refers to the same person or thing as the subject.

Tanto mi madre como mi padre son músicos excelentes. Mi padre parece casi profecional y mi madre se ha hecho solista de concierto.

88
Q

What are the main Spanish linking verbs?

A 
Ser
Estar
Ponerse
Hacerse
Llegar a ser
Parecer
Sentirse
89
Q

Verb + gerund?

What are the main verbs?

A 
Estar
Ir
Venir
Continuar
Seguir
90
Q

Verb + gerund

Progressive tenses
(usually present or imperfect)
when action is actually in progress at time referred to

What verb is used?

A

ESTAR

Cuando los vi, los niños estaban viendo la televisión.

91
Q

Verb + gerund

Progressive tenses
when a cumulative progression is indicated (i.e. gradually or little by little)

What verb is used?

A

IR
VENIR

Vas aprendiendo muy rápidamente.
Las flores se fueron secando poco a poco.

92
Q

Verb + gerund

Always followed by gerund not infinitive

What verb is used?

A

CONTINUAR
SEGUIR

Siguieron viendo la televisión.

93
Q

Verb + past participle

What are the main verbs?

A 
Haber
Ser
Estar
Quedar
Tener
94
Q

Verb + past participle

To make up the compound past tenses
(remains unchanged)

Which verb is used?

A

HABER

Ya habían pasado la mañana jugando al fútbol.

95
Q

Verb + past participle

To form the true / passive, respectively.
(must agree in gender and number)

Which verb is used?

A

SER
ESTAR

Ya están escritos todos.

96
Q

Verb + past participle

Must agree in gender and number

Which verb is used?

A

QUEDAR
TENER

Quedamos asombrados por la velocidad de la nueva máquina.

97
Q

Give an example of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto (pluperfect)

A

había cantado

98
Q

what is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto used for?

A

To show that an event in the past had finished before the next one started

Ya habían dejado dos mensajes en el contestador cuando yo llegué.
La policía encontró el revolver que el asesino había comprado dos días antes.
-Antes de ir a México, ya habíamos visitado Guatemala dos veces.
-Ah, pero no me lo había dicho.

99
Q

How do you construct the preterite pluscuamperfecto?

A 
Pretérito imperfect de haber	Había
Habías
Había
Habíamos
Habíais
habían
\+
Participio
Llegado
Comido
subido
100
Q

Give an example of the pretérito imperfecto

A

cantaba

101
Q

What tense is used To denote an action in the past, of which the beginning or end is of no relevance to the context.

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

En la capital todavía reconstruían los barrios destruidos en el terremoto.

102
Q

What tense is used To show events that were continuing when something else happened
i.e. to describe an event while it is still going on
Gives no clear indication whether the event continued
Gives no clear indication when the action ended

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

Igancio estaba en la habitación cuando se hundió el techo
Llovía muy fuerte, así que cerré la ventana
Esta puerta era azul
Ana tenía diecinueve años cuando se casó
Cuando yo era pequeño yo adoraba a mi madre

103
Q

What tense is used To express habitual/timeless events in the past
Events that had no clearly defined end even though they may no longer be happening now

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

De niño yo tenía ojos azules
Mi madre era vegetarian
Londres era más grande que Nueva York

104
Q

What tense is used With desde hace or llevar to denote that something had been going on for a certain time and might well have continued (verb + hacia in imperfect)

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

Hacía seis años que vivía en el Reino Unido cuando me fui a los Estados Unidos.
Vivía desde hacía seis años en el Reino Unido cuando me fui a los Estados Unidos.
Llevaba seis años viviendo en el Reino Unido, cuando me fui a los Estados Unidos.

105
Q

What tense is used To denote something that was just going to happen

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

Yo me marchaba cuando sonó el teléfono

106
Q

What tense is used To tell the time in the past

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

  • ¿Qué hora era?
  • Era la una en punto.
107
Q

What tense is used in Indirect discourse after preterite of decir, escribir, avisar, anunciar and informar.

A

El Pretérito Imperfecto (the imperfect)

  • ¿Qué te dijo Loli?
  • Me dijo que venía.
  • ¿Los escribiste?
  • Sí, les escribe que viajaba.
108
Q

What are some common words that signpost the pretérito imperfecto

A 
Normally	Normalmente
Often	A menudo
Always	Siempre
Meanwhile	Mientras
Almost always	Casí siempre
Almost every day	Casí todos los dias
When	Cuando
At the same time	Al mismo tiempo
109
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? HABLAR

A 
Hablaba
Hablabas
Hablaba
Hablábamos
Hablabais
Hablaban
110
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? VENDER

A 
Vendía
Vendías
Vendía
Vendíais
Vendíais
Vendían
111
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? ABRIR

A 
Abría
Abrías
Abría
Abríamos
Abríais
abrían
112
Q

What are the only irregular verbs in the preterite imperfecto?

A

SER
IR
VER
HAY

113
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? SER

A 
Era
Eras
Era
Éramos
Erais
Eran
114
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? IR

A 
Iba
Ibas
Iba
Íbamos
Ibais
Iban
115
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? VER

A 
Veía
Veías
Veía
Veíamos
Veíais
veían
116
Q

How do you form the preterite imperfecto? HAY

A

Había

117
Q

How do you describe a situation in the past?

A

Imperfecto de estar + gerundio

Situación - imperfect
Acción - indefinido

Estaba hacienda cola, llegó un chico y me ofreció una entrada

118
Q

Give an example of the preterite

A

canté

119
Q

What tense is used For events that lasted for a specific period of time and then ended
i.e. to look back on an event after it is finished

A

PRETERITE
Fue president durante ocho años
Su enfermedad duró varios meses
Esperé varias horas

120
Q

What tense is used To look back on an event as completed in the past i.e. to report that event A happened and finished then event B happened, etc. etc.

A

Preterite

Se sentó, sacó un cigarillo y lo encendió
Anoche vi dos veces a tu madre
Fue intérprete y después professor
El viernes estuve en casa de la abuela

121
Q

List some common words with the preterite

A 
Ayer
El mes pasado
El miércoles pasado
Una vez
Última vez
Aquel día
La semana pasada
El año pasado
El verano pasado
Hace dos semanas
Un día
122
Q

How do you form the preterite? TOMAR

A 
Tomé
Tomaste
Tomó
Tomamos
Tomasteis
Tomaron
123
Q

How do you form the preterite?

COMER

A 
Comí
Comiste
Comió
Comimos
Comisteis
Comieron
124
Q

How do you form the preterite? VIVIR

A 
Viví
Viviste
Vivió
Vivimos
Vivisteis
Vivieron
125
Q

What is noticeable about -ar and -er verbs that have changes in the vowel of the stem (e > ie, o > ue) in the present tense when they’re in the preterite?

A

no change in the preterite

126
Q

preterite

-ir verbs that change vowel of the stem in the present tense …

A

… also have a stem change in the preterit (in the third person singular and plurar)

127
Q

Preterite

PEDIR

A 
Pedí
Pediste
Pidió
Pedimos
Pedisteis
Pidieron
128
Q

Preterite

DORMIR

A 
Dormí
Dormiste
Durmió
Dormimos
Dormisteis
Durmieron
129
Q

Preterite

Verbs like reír and sonreír …

A

… have a written accent mark on the I of the endings of the yo, tú, nosotros and vosotros forms in the preterit

130
Q

Preterite

REÍR

A 
Reí
Reíste
Rió
Reímos
Reísteis
Rieron
131
Q

Preterite

SONREÍR

A 
Sonreí
Sonreíste
Sonrió
Sonreímos
Sonreísteis
sonrieron
132
Q

PRETERITE

-ir verbs that have an ñ directly before the ending …

Gruñir
Reñir

A

… drop the I of the ending in the third person singular and plural

Gruñó
Gruñeron
Riñó
riñieron

133
Q

Preterite

-ar verbs whose stems end in –c …

Buscar
Sacar

A

… change in yo form of the preterit to –qu.

Busqué
Saqué

134
Q

Preterite

-ar verbs whose stems end in –g

Llegar
Pagar

A

… change in yo form to –gu

Llegué
Pagué

135
Q

preterite

-ar verbs whose stems end in -z …

Alcanzar
Comenzar

A

… change in yo form to -c

Alcancé
Comencé

136
Q

Preterite

-er and –ir verbs that have a vowel immediately preceding the preterit ending …

A

… change –ío to –yó in the third person singular and –ieron to –yeron in the third person plural in the preterit. They also add a written accent to the I of the tú, nosotros, and vosotros endings.

137
Q

Preterite

LEER

A 
Leí
Leíste
Leyó
Leímos
Leísteis
Leyeron
138
Q

Preterite

OÍR

A 
Oí
Oíste
Oyó
Oímos
Oísteis
Oyeron
139
Q

Preterite

verbs that end in –uir …

Construir

A

… change –ío to –yó in the third person singular and –ieron to –yeron in the third person plural in the preterit. (Traer and verbs that end in –guir are exceptions)

Construí
Construiste
Construyó
Construimos
Construisteis
Construyeron
140
Q

Preterite

DECIR

A 
Dije
Dijiste
Dijo
Dijimos
Dijisteis
Dijeron
141
Q

Preterite

ESTAR

A 
Estuve
Estuviste
Estuvo
Estuviomos
Estuvisteis
Estuvieron
142
Q

Preterite

HACER

A 
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicisteis
Hicieron
143
Q

Preterite

PODER

A 
Pude
Pudiste
Pudo
Pudimos
Pudisteis
Pudieron
144
Q

Preterite

PONER

A 
Puse
Pusiste
Puso
Pusimos
Pusisteis
Pusieron
145
Q

Preterite

QUERER

A 
Quise
Quisiste
Quiso
Quisimos
Quisisteis
Quisieron
146
Q

Preterite

SABER

A 
Supe
Supiste
Supo
Supimos
Supisteis
Supieron
147
Q

Preterite

TENER

A 
Tuve
Tuviste
Tuvo
Tuvimos
Tuvisteis
Tuvieron
148
Q

Preterite

TRAER

A 
Traje
Trajiste
Trajo
Trajimos
Trajisteis
Trajeron
149
Q

Preterite

VENIR

A 
Vine
Viniste
Vino
Vinimos
Vinisteis
Vinieron
150
Q

Preterite

ANDAR

A 
Anduve
Anduviste
Anduvo
Anduvimos
Anduvisteis
Anduvieron
151
Q

Preterite

CABER

A 
Cupe
Cupiste
Cupo
Cupimos
Cupisteis
Cupieron
152
Q

Preterite

PRODUCIR

A 
Produje
Produjiste
Produjo
Produjimos
Produjisteis
Produjeron
153
Q

Preterite

DAR

A 
Di
Diste
Dio
Dimos
Disteis
Dieron
154
Q

Preterite

VER

A 
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Visteis
Vieron
155
Q

Preterite

SER / IR

A 
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fuisteis
Fueron
156
Q

Preterite

HAY

A

hubo

157
Q

Give an example of the pretérito perfecto compuesto (present perfect)

A

he cantado

158
Q

What tense is used For past events that have happened in a period of time that has not yet ended

A

present perfect

He ido dos veces este año (compared to fui dos vesces el año pasado)
Nunca lo he visto (compared to nunca lo vi)
La bolsa ha subido mucho hoy
Ha llovido menos durante este siglo
No han contestago todavía
Hemos estado trabajando toda la mañana

159
Q

what tense is used To show that the effects of a past event linger in or are relevant to the present

A

present perfect

Ha estado enfermo (compared to estuvo enfermo)
Alguien ha fumado en esta habitación
Está content porque lo han ascendido

160
Q

what tense is used In Spain, optionally, to show that the event happened today

A

present perfect

Me he levantado temprano
Quién ha llamado?
Perdona, no he podido hacerlo.
Hemos ido al parquet esta mañana

161
Q

how do you form the present perfect?

A 
haber
He
Has
Ha 
Hemos
Habéis
Han
\+
past participle
Mandado
Comprendido
Servido
162
Q

Present perfect

Hay

A

ha habido

163
Q

participle

abrir

A

abierto

164
Q

participle

cubrir

A

cubierto

165
Q

participle

decir

A

dicho

166
Q

participle

escribir

A

escrito

167
Q

participle

freír

A

frito

168
Q

participle

hacer

A

hecho

169
Q

participle

ser

A

sido

170
Q

participle

imprimir

A

impreso

171
Q

participle

morir

A

muerto

172
Q

participle

poner

A

puesto

173
Q

participle

romper

A

roto

174
Q

participle

verb

A

visto

175
Q

participle

volver

A

vuelto

176
Q

participle

ir

A

ido

177
Q

participle

-er and –ir verbs that have stems ending in a vowel …

caer
creer
leer
oír
traer
A

… have an accent mark over the I in the past participle

caído
creído
leído
oído
traído
178
Q

participle

what happens to object pronouns?

A

Object pronouns precede the forms of haber and are not attached to the past participle.
Se lo hemos hecho.

179
Q

participle

what happens to object pronouns in questions?

A

• In questions, object pronouns precede he past participle.

¿lo has leído?

180
Q

Give an example of the present simple

A

canto

181
Q

what tense is used to show that an action happens habitually, is timeless, or is an eternal truth

A

present simple

Lo visita a diario
Quito es la capital del Ecuador
El dolor se palia con anagésicos

182
Q

what tense is used To show that something is happening in the present

A

present simple

Hoy hace mucho calor
¿Qué haces hoy?
Nos hospedamos en el Hotel Palace

183
Q

what tense is used To show that an event is imminent (i.e. just about to happen)

A

present simple

Llegan mañana
Me las pagas
¿Vienes conmigo?

184
Q

what tense is used To show that an event in the future is scheduled or pre-arranged.

A

present simple

La fiesta es mañana a las ocho
Te llamo esta noche a las nueve
En diciembre voy a Paris

185
Q

what tense is used As a past tense, to make narrative in the past sound exciting.

A

present simple

Sarmiento muere en 1888
Ayer va mi jefe y me dice

186
Q

what tense is used In sentences like “I’ve spoken/been speaking French since I was a child”

A

present simple

Aprendo español desde septiembre
Estudio desde hace dos horas

187
Q

what tense is used To ask instructions

A

present simple

¿Hablamos del tema ahora?
¿Entrego el informe?

188
Q

what are some common phrases that trigger the present simple?

A

hoy

ahora

189
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

-ar and -er verbs: e > ?
PENSAR
QUERER

A

e > ie

Pienso
Piensas
Piensa
Pensamos
Pensáis
Piensan
Quiero
Quieres
Quiere
Queremos
Queréis
Quieren
190
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

-ar and -er verbs: o > ?
CONTAR
VOLVER

A

o > ue

Cuento
Cuentas
Cuenta
Contamos
Contáis
Cuentan
Vuelvo
Vuelves
Vuelve
Volvemos
Volvéis
Vuelven
191
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

-ir verbs: e > ?
SENTIR

A

e > ie

Siento
Sientes
Siente
Sentimos
Sentís
Sienten
192
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

-ir verbs: e > ?
PEDIR

A 
e > I
Pido
Pides
Pide
Pedimos
Pedís
Piden
193
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

-ir verbs: o > ?
DORMIR

A

o > ue

Duermo
Duermes
Duerme
Dormimos
Dormís
Duermen
194
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

What does -uar do?
CONTINUAR

A

stress the u (as ú) in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

Continúo
Continúas
Continúa
Continuamos
Continuáis
Continúan
195
Q

present simple
some irregular verbs have changes relating to vowels.

What does -iar do?
ENVIAR

A

the i (as í) in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

Envío
Envias
Envia
Enviamos
Enviáis
Envían

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