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Grammar Adjectives Flashcards

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Spanish flashcards
1
Q

What are adjectives?

A

Adjectives describe noun phrases.

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2
Q

What are the endings for a word like bonito

A

-o, -a, -os, -as

Bonito; bonita; bonitos; bonitas

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3
Q

What are the endings for a word like dificil (end in -e or consonant)

A

-e, -es

Difícil; difíciles

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4
Q

What are the endings for a word like belga

A

-es/s

belga; belgas

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5
Q

What are the endings for a word like israelí

A

-es/s

israelí; israelíes

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6
Q

What are the endings for a word like hindú

A

-es/s

hindú; hindúes

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7
Q

What are the endings for a word like realista

A

-es/s

realista; realistas

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8
Q

What are the endings for a word like entusiasta

A

-es/s

entusiasta; entusiastas

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9
Q

What are the endings for a word like cosmopolita

A

-es/s

cosmopolita; cosmopolitas

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10
Q

What are the endings for a word like hablador

A

-a, -es, -as

Hablador; habladora; habladores; habladoras

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11
Q

What are the endings for a word like Preguntón

A

-a, -es, -as

Preguntón; preguntona; preguntones; preguntonas

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12
Q

What are the endings for a word like Holgazanán

A

-a, -es, -as

Holgazanán; holgazana; holgazanes; holgazanas

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13
Q

How do you add the plural to comparative adjectives

A 
Add es in plural
Mejor / peor
Mayor / menor
Superior / inferior
Anterior / posterior
Exterior / interior
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14
Q

What is the usual position of adjectives?

A

Spanish adjectives usually follow the nouns they modify.

  • En esa tienda de ropa venden cosas maravillosas.
  • Sí. Veo que te has comprador unos vestidos muy bonitos.
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15
Q

Where are adjectives placed when the adjective expresses an inherent characteristic of the noun that is known to all and does not add any new information about the noun

A

before

La blanca nieve
El tímido cordero
Una olorosa rosa

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16
Q

Where are adjectives placed when the adjective expresses a subjective judgement of the speaker. Bueno, malo, and mejor, peor fall into this category.

A

before

Vivimos en una pequeña ciudadd.
Temenos que leer una larga novela.
Sobrevolaron la enorme selva.
Es el peor libro que leímos.
Preparon una beuna comida.
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17
Q

Where are adjectives placed when the adjective expresses quantity.
Mucho, poco, bastante, suficiente, cuánto, alguno, ninguno, ambos, varios.

A

before

Alberto siempre tiene muchas ideas.
No ganan suficiente dinero.
¿Hay alguna farmacia por aquí?

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18
Q

Where are adjectives placed In exclamations with ¡Que!

A

before

¡Qué mala suerte!
¡Qué hermosa plaza!

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19
Q

Where are adjectives placed when an adverb such as más, tan, or muy modifies the adjective,

A

after

¡Qué plaza más hermosa!
Fue un proyecto tan interesante.
Prepararon una comida muy Buena.

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20
Q

meaning changed by position Antiguo

A

Former

Old

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21
Q

meaning changed by position

Bueno

A

Kind, good

Good

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22
Q

meaning changed by position

Cierto

A

(a)certain

Certain, sure

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23
Q

meaning changed by position

Diferente

A

Sundry, various

Different (not the same)

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24
Q

meaning changed by position

Grande

A

Great / important

Big, large

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25
Q

meaning changed by position

Medio

A

Half

Average, mean

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26
Q

meaning changed by position

Mismo

A

The same

the X himself

27
Q

meaning changed by position

Pobre

A

Poor, wretched

Poor (no money)

28
Q

meaning changed by position

Única

A

Only (the only)

unique

29
Q

meaning changed by position

Simple

A

Just

Simple

30
Q

meaning changed by position

Varios

A

Several

various

31
Q

What are the endings for adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant?

A

Masculine plural is -es

Alemán, alemana, alemanes, alemanas

32
Q

What is the position of the adjective when there are TWO NOUNS of the SAME GENDER

A

Adjectives modifying two plural nouns of the same gender are in the plural of that gender

Libros y periódicos argentines (Argentine books and newspapers)
Ciudades y provincias argentinas (argentine cities and provinces)

33
Q

What is the position of the adjective when there are TWO NOUNS of DIFFERENT GENDERS

A

If two nouns of different genders – singular or plural – are modified by a single adjective, the adjective is masculine plural.

Pantalones y chaquetas baratos (cheap pants and jackets)
Un colegio y una Universidad antinguos (an ancient school and university)

34
Q

What is the position when there are two or more adjectives?

A

Typically, if two adjectives modify a noun, they both follow it and are joined by y

Una china inteligente y simpática (a nice, intelligent girl)
Un día caluroso y agradable (a warm, pleasant day)

35
Q

What happens to a noun when it is used as an adjective?

A

When a noun is used as an adjective, it usually does not agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies
Una visita relámpago a quick visit
La luz piloto pilot light
Apartamentos piloto model apartments

• Some of these nonus eventually become adjectives and show agreement. This is especially true of some nons used as adjectives of colour.
Zapatos marron/marrones brown shoes
Medias café/cafés

36
Q

When there are two adjectives but the y is left out, what happens?

A

If y is left out, the adjective that the speaker wishes to emphasise comes last
Artistas europeos modernos modern European artists
Artistas modernos europeos modern European artists

• However, if one of the two adjectives usually precedes the noun, it is placed there.
Cierto país europeo a certain European country
El único asesor español the only Spanish consultant

37
Q

Some adjectives shorten when they come before any masculine singular noun. List some.

A 
Bueno	Buen
Malo	Mal
Primero	Primer
Tercero	Tercer
Alguno	Algún
Ninguno	Ningún
Grande	Gran (in front of any sing. Noun)
38
Q

Tener + physical state
A number of physical states that are described by adjectives in English are the noun object if tener in Spanish.
List some

A 
Tener calor
Tener frío
Tener razón
Tener suerte
Tener sueñ
Tener hambre
Tener sed
39
Q

Weather
A number of weather states that are described by adjectives in English are the noun object if tener in Spanish.
List some

A 
Hace calor
Hace frío
Hace sol
Hace viento
Hace niebla
40
Q

how do you construct the comparative?

A

más / menos + adjective + que

41
Q

what adjectives are the exeptions to más / menos + adjective + que construction?

A

Bueno (good) - Mejor (better)
Malo (bad)- Peor (worse)
Grande (large)- mayor (larger)
Pequeño (small)- Menor (smaller)

42
Q

When the comparison is being made with a number or quantity, X is used for “than”.

A

de

Debe de haber más de mil típos de vino en España. Más de la mitad deben de ser tintos.

43
Q

how do you construct the superlative?

A

definite article + comparative

El Rioja es el vino más popular de todos, pero el más barato es el Jumilla.

44
Q

In a superlative, what stands in for “in” (i.e. “in the world”)

A

After a superlative use de for “in”.

Esa bodega tiene los mejores vinos de la ciudad.

45
Q

how do you construct the negative for comparatives / superlatives?

A

Use the same construction but with menos.

46
Q

how do you say something is “the more”

A

Cuanto más … más
To say that something is “the more” …

Cuanto más vino hago en casa, menos vino compro en la tienda.

47
Q

how do you construct a comparison of people / things of equality?

A

Another way of comparing people / things is by using (no) tan … como

El vino de mi hijo es tan bueno como la mayoría de los vinos caseros, pero no es tan fuerte como el mío.

48
Q

how do you compare verbs and nouns (i.e. what happens to tan)?

A

In comparing verbs and nouns, tan changes to tanto, which is invariable with verbs but agress with nouns that follow it.

49
Q

when is que NOT followed by subject pronoun

A

if the pronoun is the direct or indirect object of the verb. In that case, que is followed by a + stressed pronoun.
A mí me gusta más que tú. (I like it more than you do)

50
Q

• Que + nada / nadie / nunca = ?

A

anything / anyone / ever in English
El curso es difícil, más que nada. (The course is hard, more than anything)
Luis Alberto baila mejor que nadie. (Luis Alberto dances better than anyone)
Todo es más facil que nunca. (Everything is easier than ever)

51
Q

Before a numeral, qué is replaced by X

A

de

Ganan más de quinientos mil dólares por año.

52
Q

Before a clause implying a standard for comparison, que is replaced by X

A

de lo que

  • Este libro es más dificil de lo que cree el profesor. (This book is more difficult than the teacher thinks)
  • Y menos interestante de lo que yo me imaginaba (And less interesting than I imagined)
53
Q

Before el que, la que, los que or las que, que is replaced by X

A

de
Necesito más plata de la que me prestaste. (I need more money than you lent me)
Encontramos menos problemas de los que esperábamos (We found fewer problems than we expected)

54
Q

what part of the verb can become an adjective?

A

The Spanish past participle is used to describe positions of people abd objects where the present participle is used in English.

Todos están sentados en el comedor.
A estas horas hay mucha gente parado en el metro.

55
Q

Comparison of equality

Note that the adjective has X as the person, animal or thing to which it refers.

A

Note that the adjective has the same form (masculine, feminine, singular, plural) as the person, animal or thing to which it refers.

El televisor pequeño no es tan caro como el grande.
Mi hermana es tan alta como yo.
Los hermanos de Sandra no son tan simpáticos como ella.
Las hijas de Sofía son tan guapos como su madre.

56
Q

Comparison of equality

equally as + adjective / adverb + as

A

igual de + adjective / adverb + que

Este lugar es igual de mágico que las isla de Pascua.

57
Q

Comparison of equality

just as

A

tal (y) como + verb

Dalí pintaba tal como era, surrealista y genial.

58
Q

Comparison of equality

just as
such
like

A

tal cual + verb.

Es tal cual me lo imaginaba.

59
Q

Where are adjectives placed With ordinals and adjectives which indicate order: antiguo, nuevo, anterior, prócimo, último.

A

BEFORE (or sometimes after)

La académica está en el tercer piso.
López es un antiguo compañero de colegio.
¿Has leído mi nueva novela? - Sí, voy por el décimo capítulo.

60
Q

Where are adjectives placed With ser, estar, parecer, sentirse, ponerse

A 
AFTER
El novio de Ángela es italiano.
Pareces asustado.
La sala esta vacía.
No sé sienten felices.
61
Q

Where are adjectives placed with the verb when they indicate the result of an action.

A

AFTER
Llegaron cansados.
Tuvieron un accidente, pero salieron ilesos.
However, they can also appear before nouns in certain circumstances.

62
Q

When you know what is being referred to do you need to express the second comparator (usually)?

A

NO

Este televisor es mejor, pero es más caro.

Este televisor es el más caro.

-Felipe es muy amable. -Pues su hermana no es tan amable.

63
Q

When you know what is being referred to do you need to express the second comparator (with tan)?

A

Sort of

-Rafa es guapo.

  • Pues Luis es tan guapo como él.
  • Pues Luis es igual de guapo.

-Rosa es muy inteligente.

  • Pues sus hermanos no son tan inteligentes.
  • Pues sus hermanos no son tan inteligentes como ella.
  • Pues sus hermanos no son igual de inteligentes.
64
Q

how do you add -ísimo to adjectives

A

Adjective - final vowel
+ísimo / a/ os /as

Estas chicas son listísimas.
El examen fue dificilísimo.
Dunia tiente muchísimos amigos.

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