Grammar Pronouns Flashcards
What is a pronoun?
The word pronoun means “in place of a noun”. Pronouns are used instead of nouns as a way of avoiding clumsy repetitions. In Spanish pronouns take their gender and number from the noun they refer to and their form from their function in the sentence. There are different types of pronouns
What are personal pronouns?
Personal pronouns are the most neutral pronouns – they simply replace nouns without adding further information. They may refer to the person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person spoken about. Personal pronouns include subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and disjunctive pronouns.
What are interrogative pronouns?
These are question words.
What are demonstrative pronouns?
Demonstrative pronouns refer to something very specific, usually indicating whether it is near to or far from the speaker in time or place.
What are possessive pronouns?
These refer to ownership.
List the subject pronouns
yo tú él ella ello usted nosotros nosotras vosotros vosotras ellos ellas ustedes
Explain subject pronouns
Because the subject of the action is contained in the verb ending in Spanish, the subject pronouns are only used for emphasis, contrast, or to avoid confusion. Usted / ustedes are perhaps used more frequently (due to possible ambiguity).
Explain the subject pronoun Ello
Ello, the neuter subject pronoun, is used to refer to an idea and means it, this, that, or the fact, though its use tends to be literary and esto is preferred in speech.
Explain prepositional pronouns.
After a preposition, Spanish uses the subject pronouns except for yo and tú.
List the prepositional pronouns (using para)
para mí para tí Para él Para ella para usted Para nosotros Para nosotras Para vosotros Para vosotras Para ellos Para ellas Para ustedes
List irregular prepositional pronouns.
Three irregular forms exist with the preposition con
- conmigo
- contigo
- consigo
When used after prepositions, él and ella can refer to X
things as well as people
After what prepositions are subject pronouns used instead of prepositional pronouns?
como según salvo excepto menos entre
What’s the difference between consigo and con él / con ella / con usted / con ellos / con ellas / con ustedes?
consigo is reflexive.
con él etc is when there’s different people
What is a direct object?
A direct object is a noun which directly receives the action of the verb. It answers the question “what receives the action from the verb?”
Subject Verb Object Yo contesto el teléfono. Ella come el taco. Nosotros miramos las películas. Ellos leen los libros.
What is the personal a?
A direct object can also be a person / people. However, if it refers to a specific person then in Spanish it requires a.
Subject Verb Object
Yo llamé a Juan.
What is a direct object pronoun?
A direct object pronoun is a shorter form that substites for the longer forms of the actual noun.
¿Quien contesta el teléfono? Yo lo contest.
¿Quien mira las películas? Nosotros las miramos.
¿Quien lee los libros? Ellos los leen.
¿Quien conoce a Maria? Yo la conozco.
List the direct object pronouns
me te le lo la nos os les los las
What is the position of the direct object in relation to the verb?
All object pronouns precede the verb, except in the imperative positive, the infinitive, and the gerund, where they are attached to the end of the verb.
¡No! ¡No voy prestárselo! (¡No se lo voy a prestar!)
When do you use the personal a?
when
(1) the direct object refers to a specific person
(2) personifying objects
(3) before indefinite expressions like alguien or nadie.
Give one exception to the personal a rule.
Personal a is not used after the verb TENER.
What is an indirect object?
Indirect objects answer the question “to whom” or “for whom”. Yo compro las flores para ti. Tú mandas la carta a Ana. José lee el cuento a los niños. Ellos traen los libros a nosotros.
What are indirect object pronouns?
They stand in for indirect objects Yo te compro las flores. Tú le mandas la carta. José les lee el cuento. Ellos nos traen los libros.
List the indirect object pronouns?
me Te le nos os les