GP Flashcards
What is the definition of health as laid out by the World Health Organisation?
A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing not just the absence of disease.
What % of healthcare happens in the primary setting?
90%
What % of illnesses are forwarded to secondary care?
2-4%
What are the four ethical principles that underline medical practice?
Justice
Benefice
Non-Maleficence
Autonomy
What are the three things that make information useful when setting goals?
Relevant to current goals
Easily memorisable and understood
Readily available
What does motivation depend on?
Seeing the value of change and having faith in your ability to manage the change
What is self efficacy?
Self belief to change
What are SMART goals?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Reasonable
Timely
What are the six social influences on health
Gender
Ethnicity
Housing
Employment
Financial security
Social class
Three social factors that help people change their behaviour
Great social pressure to change
If an individual expects a positive response from those around them
If an individual perceives that the change will coincide with their image
What is a hazard?
Something with the potential to cause harm
What is a risk?
Likelihood of harm taking place
What is a risk factor?
Something that increases risk/ the likelihood of harm occurring
What is suscepitbility?
How likely that something will cause harm
Five types of hazards
Biological
Chemical
Mechanical
Physical
Psychological
Examples of physical hazard
Noise
Vibration
Height
Heat
Electricity
Confined spaces
Examples of biological hazard
Viruses
Toxins from biological sources
Spores
Fungi
Pathogenic microorganisms
Bodily fluids
Examples of mechanical hazards
Slips
Being hit my objects
Injured by equipment
Examples of chemical hazards
Drugs
Alcohol
Acids
Solvents
Fumes
Examples of psychological factors
Stress
Bullying
Violence from other people
Diet
Smoking
Mental health
Routes of exposure to skin
Breakage in skin
Blood
Sexual
Inhalation
Ingestion
Factors that increase risk
How much a person is exposed
How a person is exposed
Conditions of exposure
What factors govern perception of risk?
Familiarity of risk
Sense of control - voluntary risks are deemed less risky than involuntary risks
Magnitude of possible harm
What are the three types of GP consults?
Authoritarian or paternalistic relationship
Guidance/co-operation
Mutual participation relationship
Describe the authoritarian consult style
The physician uses all authority and the patient has no autonomy, the patient tries hard to please the doctor and does not actively participate in their own treatment
Describe the guidance/cooperation GP consult style
The physician exercises much authority and the patient is obedient, but has a greater feeling of autonomy and participates somewhat more active in the relationship.
Describe mutual participation GP style
Patients take on a larger portion of responsibility for their own health through sharing of information and decision-making
Patients feel a greater sense of autonomy since more participation
Patient compliance is improved
Patient satisfaction is improved because they have been fully informed – less likely to complain about treatment.
What are the types of GP question types?
Open-ended question
Direct question
Closed question
Leading question
Reflected question
Describe the open-ended question style
Not seeking a particular answer but signalling to the patient to tell them more
“Tell me about the pain”
Describe the direct question style
Asks about a specific item
“Where is the pain?”
Describe a closed question
Can only be answered with yes or no
Describe a leading question
Prompts a certain answer
“The pain is severe”
Describe a reflective question
Allows the doctor to avoid answering a direct question
“You want to know the cause of pain?”
What are the positive ideas about health as defined by David Seedhouse?
•Health as an ideal state
•Health as physical and mental fitness
•Health as a commodity
•Health as personal strength or ability
•Health as the basis for personal potential
What are the lay beliefs about health in comparison to professional beliefs?
Lay beliefs:
Absence of disease
Physical fitness
Functional ability
Professional:
Bio-medical or scientific view, health as the absence of disease/illness and the positive/hollistic views set out by david seedhouse
What is the afrocarribean impression of high blood pressure?
Attached different meanings to high blood pressure:
•regarded it as “normal” and not as an increased risk of stroke/heart attack
•were less likely to take their medication
What is the importance of understanding the patients views upon health and normality?
Formulate a joint plan
Tailor your advice in order for the patient to make an informed decision
Improve compliance and your professional relationship with the patient
What are the three separate activities carried out by the patient and doctor?
Talking together - always
Doctor examining the patient - often
Performing procedures - sometimes
