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Foundations of Medicine > Clinically Important Bacteria > Flashcards

Clinically Important Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is Staph. Aureus?

A

Gram positive
Coagulase positive

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2
Q

What can Staph. Aures cause?

A

Soft tissue abscesses (boils), furuncles, and cellulitis and serious infections such as bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or MRSA/MSSA.

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3
Q

How is MRSA treated?

A

With vancomycin

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4
Q

What is MRSA resistant to?

A

Beta-lactam antibitocis

Such as: methicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, and oxacillin

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5
Q

What is MRSA?

A

Meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

What is MSSA?

A

Meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

How is MSSA treated?

A

With a beta-lactam antibiotic including penicillin, oxacillin, flucloxacillin, or cefazolin.

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is Staph. Epidermis?

A

Gram positive
Coagulase negative

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9
Q

What can Staph. Epidermis cause?

A

Infections from implantation of medical devices such as cardiac devices, orthopedic devices, and CNS shunt

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10
Q

How is Staph. epidermis treated?

A

Cefazolin, nafcillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid.

For serious infections, vancomycin may be required.

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11
Q

What is staph. epidermis resistant to?

A

Meticillin

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12
Q

What is strep pygogeneis?

A

Gram positive
Complete haemolysis

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13
Q

What can strep pygogeneis cause?

A

Scarlet fever, bacteremia, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (StrepTSS).

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14
Q

How is strep pygogeneis treated?

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin

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15
Q

How is Staph. Aures resistant to penciliin?

A

Produces penicillinase

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16
Q

What is Strep pneumoniae?

A

Gram positive
Partial haemolysis

17
Q

What does strep pneumoniae cause?

A

Otitis media, sepsis (blood infection) in children as well as pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly.

18
Q

How is strep pneumoniae treated?

A

Amoxicillin

19
Q

What type of bacteria is C diff?

A

Spore-forming, Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus

20
Q

What is C diff resistant to?

A

Aminoglycosides

21
Q

How is C. diff treated?

A

Vancomycin

22
Q

What is E. coli?

A

Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium

23
Q

What can E coli cause?

A

Severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting.

24
Q

What is salmonella?

A

bacillus gram-negative bacteria

25
Q

What is salmonella resistant to?

A

All but two antibiotic classes (macrolides and carbapenems).

26
Q

What type of bacteria is helicobacter?

A

Gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral (helical) bacterium

27
Q

What can helicobacter cause?

A

Stomach infections, ulcers

28
Q

How is helicobacter treated?

A

Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole

Foundations of Medicine (56 decks)

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