Clinically Important Bacteria Flashcards
What type of bacteria is Staph. Aureus?
Gram positive
Coagulase positive
What can Staph. Aures cause?
Soft tissue abscesses (boils), furuncles, and cellulitis and serious infections such as bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or MRSA/MSSA.
How is MRSA treated?
With vancomycin
What is MRSA resistant to?
Beta-lactam antibitocis
Such as: methicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, and oxacillin
What is MRSA?
Meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
What is MSSA?
Meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus
How is MSSA treated?
With a beta-lactam antibiotic including penicillin, oxacillin, flucloxacillin, or cefazolin.
What type of bacteria is Staph. Epidermis?
Gram positive
Coagulase negative
What can Staph. Epidermis cause?
Infections from implantation of medical devices such as cardiac devices, orthopedic devices, and CNS shunt
How is Staph. epidermis treated?
Cefazolin, nafcillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid.
For serious infections, vancomycin may be required.
What is staph. epidermis resistant to?
Meticillin
What is strep pygogeneis?
Gram positive
Complete haemolysis
What can strep pygogeneis cause?
Scarlet fever, bacteremia, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (StrepTSS).
How is strep pygogeneis treated?
Penicillin or amoxicillin
How is Staph. Aures resistant to penciliin?
Produces penicillinase
What is Strep pneumoniae?
Gram positive
Partial haemolysis
What does strep pneumoniae cause?
Otitis media, sepsis (blood infection) in children as well as pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly.
How is strep pneumoniae treated?
Amoxicillin
What type of bacteria is C diff?
Spore-forming, Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus
What is C diff resistant to?
Aminoglycosides
How is C. diff treated?
Vancomycin
What is E. coli?
Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium
What can E coli cause?
Severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting.
What is salmonella?
bacillus gram-negative bacteria
What is salmonella resistant to?
All but two antibiotic classes (macrolides and carbapenems).
What type of bacteria is helicobacter?
Gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral (helical) bacterium
What can helicobacter cause?
Stomach infections, ulcers
How is helicobacter treated?
Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole
