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Foundations of Medicine > Classifications of Bacteria - Miscellaneous Bacteria > Flashcards

Classifications of Bacteria - Miscellaneous Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Why can some bacterias not be stained with Gram’s method?

A

They do not have a cell wall

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2
Q

What is AAFB?

A

Acid and Alcohol Fast Bacilli

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3
Q

What is AAFB resistant to?

A

Decolourisation by acid or alcohol after staining with carbol fuchsin

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4
Q

What stains can be used with mycobacterium/AAFB?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain
Auramine

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5
Q

What is the clinical relevance of AAFBs?

A

The aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a type
of the AAFB Bacilli group of mycobacteria.

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6
Q

What should a clinician do when suspicious of tuberculosis?

A

Stain the sputum samples using a Ziehl-Neelsen,
ZN, or Auramine stain.

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7
Q

Can AAFB be used as a definitive cause of tuberculosis?

A

No

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8
Q

What causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

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9
Q

What is tuberculosis linked to?

A

HIV

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10
Q

What are non-tuberculosis mycobacteria?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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11
Q

What does Mycobacterium leprae cause?

A

Leprosy

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12
Q

Can Mycobacterium leprae be cultured?

A

No

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13
Q

What does leprosy do?

A

Attack peripheral nerves

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14
Q

What are spirochaetes?

A

Long spiral bacteria
Not easily visualised by light microscopy
Very difficult to culture

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15
Q

How are spirochaetes seen?

A

Dark ground microscopy or immunoflorecense - often diagnosed by sereology

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16
Q

What are common spirochaete diseases?

A

Syphilis
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis

17
Q

What is the organism that causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidium

17
Q

What is the organism that causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgodorferi

18
Q

What is the organism that causes leptospirosis?

A

Leptospria interrogans

19
Q

What is lyme disease transmitted by?

A

Ticks

20
Q

How is leptospirosis spread?

A

Infected urine and body fluids

21
Q

Who are at risk for leptosiprosis?

A

Sewage workers
Watersport

22
Q

What is a clinical presentation of leptospirosis?

A

Weil’s disease - febrile illness with systemic upset, liver and renal failure, aseptic meningitis, 10% mortality

23
Q

What can chlamydia cause?

A

Atypical pneumonia
Gential and neonatal infections

24
Q

How can chlamydia be diagnosed?

A

Serology

culture only in cell lines

25
Q

What is the most common STI in the UK?

A

Chlamydia

Foundations of Medicine (56 decks)

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