good chapter 14 and 15 Flashcards
What is a chronotropic effect
Something that increases your heart rate
what is an inotropic effect
something that increases the strength of the hearts contraction
what is the antidote for anticholinergic syndrome*
physostigmine
what kind of drug is atropine*
The prototype anticholinergic
what kind of drug is belladonna*
It is a common anticholinergic
What is the mechanism of action for muscarinic antagonists
they block AcH binding sites in the target organs to reduce the effects of the PSNS
What is the mechanism of action for Nicotinic agonists
Work by blocking the nerve impulse transmission at the autonomic ganglia to suppress the PSNS
what are the two types of nicotinic agonists
Ganglionic blockers
Neuromuscular blocker
What is the primary use of ganglionic blockers
The primary use is vasodilation to lower blood pressure
What are the two types of Neuromuscular blockers
Depolarizing
non-depolarizing
What do depolarizing neuromuscular blockers do
The produce muscle paralysis during short medical procedures
what do non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers do
produce muscle paralysis during longer surgical procedures
what kind of medication is Succinylcholine *
It is a DEpolarizing neuromuscular blocker
what kind of medication is tubocurarine*
it is a NON-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Do neuromuscular blockers produce any analgesic effect *
NO they have to be given with pain killers so pt’s don’t feel the whole procedure
What do Alpha 1 receptors do
they stimulate SNS activity
what are common uses for alpha 1 agonists
(think Stimulation of SNS)
mainly used for hypotension (increased vasoconstriction)
Dilation of pupil
Reduce congestion (shrinks blood vessels in nasal mucosa and opens airways)
what do alpha 2 receptors do when they are stimulated
the decreases SNS activity
What is a common use for alpha 2 agonists
used to treat HTN (because they decrease SNS activity)
do alpha 2 agonists act on the CNS or PNS
they act on the CNS
What do Beta 1 receptors do when they are stimulated
they increase the heart rate when stimulated
what do Beta 2 receptors do when they are stimulated
they increase bronchodilation
what conditions are beta 2 agonists used for
used for COPD and asthma since they open the airways
what are the adverse effects of anticholinergics
A- Agitation (due to increased HR and BP)
B- Blurred vision (due to dilated pupils)
C- Constipation/Confusion (due to block of rest and digest)
D- Dry mouth
S- Stops urination/sweating
***DRY AS A DESERT
what kind of medication is isoproterenol
Non selective beta agonist (so stims both beta 1 and beta 2)
What are contraindications of Alpha 1 agonists
-pre existing bradycardia (heart won’t be able to keep up)
-Hyperthyroidism (because A1 agonists stimulate the release of more thyroid hormone)
-Diabetes
what kind of medication is Phenylephrine*
It is the prototype Alpha 1 agonist
What drug is used to treat alpha 1 agonist overdose*
phentolamine
what are catecholamines
neurohormones that stimulate the SNS response ie dopamine epinephrine
what route should catecholamines not be administered by and why *
should not be administered PO since they are destroyed by the COMT enzyme in the digestive tract
What kind of medication is Epinephrine
NON selective adrenergic agonist (so stims all adrenergic receptors ie Alpha 1 and 2 and beta 1 and 2)
what conditions is epinephrine used to treat
Shock and anaphylaxis
why might epinephrine be contraindicated in a diabetic
since it can stimulate glucose release from the liver and cause hyperglycemia
