Chapters 46-50

Question 1

what does bactericidal mean**

Answer 1

The antibiotic will kill the bacteria

Question 2

what does bacteriostatic mean**

Answer 2

the antibiotic will slow the growth of the bacteria

Question 3

what are the ways that an antibiotic can affect an organism**

Answer 3

can affect an organisms structure metabolism or lifecycle

Question 4

are most antibiotics best take on an empty or full stomach**

Answer 4

most antibiotics are best taken on an empty stomach

Question 5

if a patient is allergic to penicillin what other antibiotic should be avoided

Answer 5

cephalosporins

Question 6

what is the mechanism of action for penicillins

Answer 6

kills bacteria by disrupting their cell walls

Question 7

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking penicillin**

Answer 7

-Avoid cephalosporins
-monitor for hyperkalemia and hypernatremia (since penicillin usually contains sodium or potassium salts)
-monitor cardiac status (due to the potential hyperkalemia)

Question 8

what is a common prefix or suffix for cephalosporins

Answer 8

if there is a “cef” or “ceph” sound anywhere in the name probably a cephalosporin

Question 9

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking cephalosporins**

Answer 9

-assess for persistent diarrhea in children

Question 10

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking tetracyclines**

Answer 10

-may cause photosensitivity (sunlight allergy)
-do not take with milk products iron supplements, magnesium laxatives or anacids
-increased potential for vaginal yeast infections when taking oral contraceptives and tetracyclines
-discoloration and permanent molting of teeth in kids under 8

Question 11

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking macrolides**

Answer 11

“m for metal heart”
-can exacerbate heart disease
-cause a metallic taste in mouth

Question 12

what is the suffix for aminoglycosides

Answer 12

“mycin” and “micin”

Question 13

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking aminoglycosides**

Answer 13

“*amiNOglycoside NO is for nephro neuromuscular blockade and ototoxicity”
-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity
-neuromuscular blockade (resp paralysis)

Question 14

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking fluoroquinolones**

Answer 14

*fluoro sounds like fall
-increased risk for tendon rupture so athletes or teenagers should not take

Question 15

what is the primary use of sulfonamides**

Answer 15

primarily used to treat urinary tract infections

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides**

Answer 16

bacteriostatic by inhibiting bacterial metabolism of folic acid

Question 17

if a patient has an allergy to sulfonamides what other drugs may they be allergic to? **

Answer 17

-Sulfonylureas (antidiabetic drug)
-NSAIDS
-Furosemide Chlorothiazide (diuretics)
-sulfasalazine (for RA)

Question 18

what are specific considerations when a patient is taking Sulfonamides**

Answer 18

-they can cause crystalluria (encourage fluids)
-sulfa allergy

Question 19

what are beta lactam antibiotics used for

Answer 19

used for treatment of infections known or suspected to be caused by multidrug resistant bacteria

Question 20

what is the mechanism of action of vancomycin**

Answer 20

inhibits cell wall synthesis so it is bactericidal

Question 21

what is the primary use of vancomycin **

Answer 21

used for severe or resistant gram positive infection ie MRSA and C. Diff

Question 22

what are adverse effects that are specific to vancomycin**

Answer 22

-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity
-red man syndrome

Question 23

what antibiotics will be ineffective against extended spectrum beta lactamase organisms**

Answer 23

-penicillins
-cephalosporins

Question 24

what antibiotics are not effective against Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus **

Answer 24

-Tetracyclines
-Macrolides
-Fluoroquinolones
-Aminoglycosides
To Many Fucking Antibiotics

Question 25

what can the use of a single narrow spectrum antibiotic help reduce **

Answer 25

reduces antagonism and resistance to the antibiotic

Question 26

what are superinfections

Answer 26

secondary infection that occurs when too many host flora are killed by antibiotic

Question 27

what are S & S of a superinfection

Answer 27

-Diarrhea
-bladder pain with painful urination
-abnormal vaginal discharge
-red rash with satellite lesions

Question 28

what is the suffix for Fluoroquinolones

Answer 28

“-floxacin”