Chapters 46-50 Flashcards
what does bactericidal mean**
The antibiotic will kill the bacteria
what does bacteriostatic mean**
the antibiotic will slow the growth of the bacteria
what are the ways that an antibiotic can affect an organism**
can affect an organisms structure metabolism or lifecycle
are most antibiotics best take on an empty or full stomach**
most antibiotics are best taken on an empty stomach
if a patient is allergic to penicillin what other antibiotic should be avoided
cephalosporins
what is the mechanism of action for penicillins
kills bacteria by disrupting their cell walls
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking penicillin**
-Avoid cephalosporins
-monitor for hyperkalemia and hypernatremia (since penicillin usually contains sodium or potassium salts)
-monitor cardiac status (due to the potential hyperkalemia)
what is a common prefix or suffix for cephalosporins
if there is a “cef” or “ceph” sound anywhere in the name probably a cephalosporin
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking cephalosporins**
-assess for persistent diarrhea in children
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking tetracyclines**
-may cause photosensitivity (sunlight allergy)
-do not take with milk products iron supplements, magnesium laxatives or anacids
-increased potential for vaginal yeast infections when taking oral contraceptives and tetracyclines
-discoloration and permanent molting of teeth in kids under 8
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking macrolides**
“m for metal heart”
-can exacerbate heart disease
-cause a metallic taste in mouth
what is the suffix for aminoglycosides
“mycin” and “micin”
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking aminoglycosides**
“*amiNOglycoside NO is for nephro neuromuscular blockade and ototoxicity”
-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity
-neuromuscular blockade (resp paralysis)
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking fluoroquinolones**
*fluoro sounds like fall
-increased risk for tendon rupture so athletes or teenagers should not take
what is the primary use of sulfonamides**
primarily used to treat urinary tract infections
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides**
bacteriostatic by inhibiting bacterial metabolism of folic acid
if a patient has an allergy to sulfonamides what other drugs may they be allergic to? **
-Sulfonylureas (antidiabetic drug)
-NSAIDS
-Furosemide Chlorothiazide (diuretics)
-sulfasalazine (for RA)
what are specific considerations when a patient is taking Sulfonamides**
-they can cause crystalluria (encourage fluids)
-sulfa allergy
what are beta lactam antibiotics used for
used for treatment of infections known or suspected to be caused by multidrug resistant bacteria
what is the mechanism of action of vancomycin**
inhibits cell wall synthesis so it is bactericidal
what is the primary use of vancomycin **
used for severe or resistant gram positive infection ie MRSA and C. Diff
what are adverse effects that are specific to vancomycin**
-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity
-red man syndrome
what antibiotics will be ineffective against extended spectrum beta lactamase organisms**
-penicillins
-cephalosporins
what antibiotics are not effective against Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus **
-Tetracyclines
-Macrolides
-Fluoroquinolones
-Aminoglycosides
To Many Fucking Antibiotics
what can the use of a single narrow spectrum antibiotic help reduce **
reduces antagonism and resistance to the antibiotic
what are superinfections
secondary infection that occurs when too many host flora are killed by antibiotic
what are S & S of a superinfection
-Diarrhea
-bladder pain with painful urination
-abnormal vaginal discharge
-red rash with satellite lesions
what is the suffix for Fluoroquinolones
“-floxacin”
