Chapter 38 Anticoagulants Flashcards
What do anticoagulants do
prevents the formation or enlargement of clots does not break down existing clots
What are the parenteral anticoagulants
-heparin/LMW heparin
-Direct thrombin inhibitors
What are the oral anticoagulants
Warfarin
dabigatran
What are considerations for anticoagulants
-Apply firm pressure for 5 min with venous and 10 min with arterial needle sticks
-Do not give anticoagulants 24 hours pre or post surgery
what should a patient be educated on while taking anticoagulants
-don’t use a razor
-use a soft bristled tooth brush
-if bleeding goes on for more than 30 min you should go to the hospital
-Watch for signs of a GI bleed ie coffee ground feces
what is the prototype oral anticoagulant
Warfarin
what is the prototype parenteral anticoagulant
Heparin
What test is used to monitor therapeutic heparin levels and how often is it checked when heparin dosage is being adjusted
aPTT (remember the 2 T’s look like an H) and should be monitored every six hours while adjusting dose
what is the antidote for heparin overdose
Protamine sulfate
What test is used to monitor therapeutic levels of warfarin
PT/INR value
What are the considerations for oral anticoagulants
-monitor PT/INR
-Avoid eating vitamin K rich foods like BROCCOLI or leafy greens
-monitor liver since that is where things are produced to stop bleeding
What are the three types of antiplatelet agents
-ASA
-ADP receptor blockers
-Glycoprotein IIb/IIa receptor blockers
What is the prototype Glycoprotein IIb/IIa receptor blocker
Abciximab
What is the prototype ADP blocker
Clopidogrel
what is the main indication for clopidogrel
used for the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis to reduce the risk of stroke and MI
