Gluteal region and posterior thigh

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the gluteal region

Answer 1

Superiorly the iliac crests, inferiorly the gluteal sulcus and laterally the ASIS

Question 2

What forms the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 2

The sacrotuberous the sacrospinous ligaments and the greater sciatic notch.

Question 3

Gluteus maximus

Answer 3

origin upper portion of the illium and inserts on the lateral side of the femur. It extends the hip and laterally rotates thigh. Nerve inferior gluteal

Question 4

Gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 4

Origin on the illium, inserts greater trochanter. Abducts and internally rotates thigh. Nerve is superior gluteal

Question 5

External thigh rotator muscles

Answer 5

Piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior glemelli, quadratus femoris All origin around the sacrum/ inner pelvis and insert greater trochanter. nerve is sacral plexus

Question 6

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 6

Origin ASIS and iliac crest inserts ITB. Abducts thigh and stabilizer. Superior gluteal

Question 7

Where does the superior gluteal nerve track

Answer 7

SUPERIOR TO PIRIFORMIS TO innervate medius and maximus

Question 8

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve track

Answer 8

Inferior to piriformis to innervate gluteus maximus

Question 9

Where do superior and inferior gluteal arteries branch from

Answer 9

Internal iliac artery

Question 10

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries exit the pelvis

Answer 10

Through the greater sciatic foramen along with their nerves and pass superior and inferior to piriformis.

Question 11

Where does the sciatic nerve pass

Answer 11

Inferior to piriformis

Question 12

What do the gluteal arteries branch from

Answer 12

Internal illiac, anterior division

Question 13

What is the course of the internal pudendal artery and branches from

Answer 13

Branches from the anterior run of internal iliac. Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen and re-enters through lesser sciatic foramen.

Question 14

Name the posterior thigh muscles

Answer 14

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus*

Question 15

What do posterior thigh compartment muscles do

Answer 15

Because they attach below the knee they flex the knee and main action is to extend hip/ thigh. Also can externally and internally rotate thigh

Question 16

Nerve supply of posterior compartment muscles

Answer 16

Sciatic nerve. Mainly tibial branch

Question 17

What is an ischial tuberosity avulsion

Answer 17

When hamstring muscles pull off ischial tuberosity. Usually due to kicking or running sports.

Question 18

What is the safe area in the gluteal region for intramuscular injection

Answer 18

Upper lateral quadrant. Superolateral quadrant this avoids the sciatic nerve.

Question 19

What are the hip flexor muscles

Answer 19

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 20

Nerve supply for hip flexor muscles and myotomes

Answer 20

Femoral, myotome L2 and L3

Question 21

Hip extensor muscles and their nerve supply and myotome

Answer 21

Gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal)
Hamstrings (tibial part of sciatic nerve)
L3, L4

Question 22

Adduction of the hip muscles and nerve supply

Answer 22

Adductor brevis, longus, magnus. Gracilis, pectineus (obturator)

Question 23

Abduction of the hip muscles and nerve supply

Answer 23

Gluteus medius and minimus. Superior gluteal

Question 24

What are the three bones that make up the acetabulum

Answer 24

The ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 25

What two structures make up the inner part of the acetabulum

Answer 25

The acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

Question 26

What is the ligament attaching the acetabulum to the head of the femur

Answer 26

Ligamentum teres

Question 27

What arteries supply the hip joint

Answer 27

The medial and lateral circumflex arteries which anastomose with branches of the gluteal arteries

Question 28

If a hip fracture is intertrochanteric is blood supply to the hip ok?

Answer 28

No as blood vessels are more proximal to hip

Question 29

If hip fracture is sub capital is the blood supply to the hip disrupted

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What kind of joint is the hip joint

Answer 30

A ball and socket synovial joint