Femoral triangle and anteromedial thigh

Question 1

What is the fascia lata. Where does it extend and finish, what does it form? Deficiencies? compartments formed?

Answer 1

Deep fascia that surrounds thigh. Attaches superiorly to the pubic tubercle pubis and inguinal ligament, laterally to the iliac crest and posteriorly to the sacrum, coccyx and ischial tuberosity. Extends down thigh and and becomes continuous with fascia in leg. Tendon of tensor fascia late joins fascia late to form iliotibial band. There is a deficincy in the anterior aspect known as saphenous opening and the FL forms three compartments alongside inter muscular septa. anterior medial and posterior.

Question 2

What is the vein the comes out superficial to the fascia late

Answer 2

Great saphenous vein

Question 3

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 3

Vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis. (Quadracep, 4)

Question 4

Rectus femoris

Answer 4

Origin- AIIS, superior acetabular rim.
Insertion- Superior patella (quad tendon)
Action- flexes thigh (only one of quad muscles to do so), extends leg
Nerve- femoral

Question 5

Vastus lateralis

Answer 5

Origin- greater trochanter, line aspera
Insertion- superior patella, quads tendon
Action- extends leg
Nerve supply- femoral

Question 6

Vastus medialis

Answer 6

Origin- intertrochanteric line, medial inter muscular septum
Insertion- superior patella quads tendon
Action- extend leg (at knee)
Nerve- femoral

Question 7

Vastus intermedias

Answer 7

Origin- superior 2/3 femoral shaft, lateral intermuscular septum.
Insertion- superior patella (quads tendon)
Action- extend leg
Nerve- Femoral

Question 8

Sartorius

Answer 8

Origin- ASIS
Insertion- medial knee
Action- flexes, abducts, externally rotates thigh, flexes leg
Nerve- femoral

Question 9

Tensor Fascia Lata

Answer 9

Origin- ASIS
Insertion - lateral coldly of tibia via ITB.
Action Abducts thigh, dynamic stabilizer
Nerve- Superior gluteal

Question 10

Medial compartment

Answer 10

Adductor longis, magnus and brevis.
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Question 11

Origin and insertion of medial compartment muscles and actions

Answer 11

Origin-Front of pelvis
Insertion all along medial femur. Gracilis inserts medial tibia.
All flex thigh, adduct thigh and gracilis internall rotates leg.
Nerve supply mostly obturator. Magnus has some sciatic supply.

Question 12

What compartment does magnus belong to

Answer 12

Half medial half posterior. Magnus means big

Question 13

What does the CNS comprise

Answer 13

Brain and spinal cord

Question 14

What does the peripheral nervous system comprise of?

Answer 14

Everything beyond the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

How are spinal nerves named

Answer 15

Cervical 1-8. Thoracic 1-12. Lumbar 1-5. Sacral 1-5

Question 16

Why is it important to know what spinal level peripheral nerves come from

Answer 16

Because if there is a spinal injury it affects how individual peripheral nerves work. knowing the spinal level associated with a peripheral nerve can tell you where the damage to the spinal column has occurred.

Question 17

What components do spinal nerves have

Answer 17

Spinal nerves have motor and sensory components. Meaning that peripheral nerves often have motor and sensory compartments

Question 18

What component of the peripheral nerve acts on muscles

Answer 18

The motor part. E.g. the motor part of the femoral nerve causes the leg to flex.

Question 19

What are the spinal levels giving off the femoral nerve

Answer 19

L2-L4

Question 20

What are the major branches of the femoral

Answer 20

The saphenous nerve

Question 21

What are the motor branches of the femoral nerve

Answer 21

Anterior compartment of thigh

Question 22

Sensory branches of femoral nerve

Answer 22

Anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (anterior of thigh) and saphenous nerve (medial leg)

Question 23

Spinal levels of obturator

Answer 23

L2-L4

Question 24

Motor of obturator

Answer 24

Adductor muscles- medial compartment

Question 25

Sensory of obturator

Answer 25

Covers a small area of medial thigh

Question 26

What gives off the femoral artery

Answer 26

The external iliac artery (off common iliac, off aorta)

Question 27

What does femoral vein drain too

Answer 27

External iliac vein- common iliac, aorta

Question 28

What os the other vein that joins the femoral

Answer 28

Great saphenous

Question 29

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

Answer 29

Sartorius laterally, adductor longs medially and inguinal ligament superiorly.

Question 30

What is in the femoral triangle

Answer 30

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein and lympahtic vessels

Question 31

Clinical applications of femoral triangle

Answer 31

Femoral pulse (artery), veinous access (fluids)

Question 32

How to give femoral nerve block

Answer 32

Know order of nerves/vessels. 
Identify artery (pulses). Nerve lateral to this.