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Detective textbook per chapter > glossary terms part 2 (D-R) > Flashcards

glossary terms part 2 (D-R) Flashcards

1
Q

dying declaration

A

a statement given by a dying person that implicates the killer. the legal requirements of dying declarations are that the victim must be rational and competent and must ultimately die of the wounds.

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2
Q

electronic evidence

A

information and data of investigative value that is stored in or transmitted by an electronic device

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3
Q

electronic surveillance

A

the monitoring of the behavior, activies, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing or protecting.

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4
Q

elements of a crime

A

the legal characteristics of a crime

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5
Q

elimination samples

A

evidence used to eliminate persons as suspects

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6
Q

embezzlement

A

a low profile crime, consisting of employees who steal large amounts of money over long periods of time

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7
Q

encryption

A

protected or “ scrambled” digital data

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8
Q

entrapment

A

when an undercover officer convinces a criminal suspect to commit a crime he or she was not predisposed to commit

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9
Q

equal protection

A

a clause within the fourteenth amendement of the constitution that states no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the “ equal protection of the laws”

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10
Q

event flow analysis

A

a process where events are documented, they are connected by arrows to indicate the direction of the sequence

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11
Q

evidence

A

a statement, object, or other item bearing on or establishing the point in question in a court of law

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12
Q

exclusionary rule

A

the legal rule that excludes evidence determined to be obtained illegally

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13
Q

exemplars

A

SAMPLES , such as suspects handwriting

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14
Q

exigent circumenstances

A

circumstances whereby a search may be legally conducted without a warrant

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15
Q

expert system

A

a process of using artificial intelligence by computers to make inferences based on available information and to draw conclusions or make recommendations to the systems oprators

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16
Q

expert witness

A

a witness whose knowledge exceeds the knowledge of anyone with a moderate education or experience in the field

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17
Q

exploitation

A

commonly used in context with sexual exploitation, which is the use of sexual material that focuses on a particular person who is an unwilling contributor

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18
Q

face sheet

A

an “ at a glance” summary of the investigation

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19
Q

faceprint

A

measured nodal points that create a numerical code that is used in facial recognition technology

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20
Q

facial composite

A

a graphical representation of an eyewitness memory of a face, as recorded by the composite artist

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21
Q

fact witness

A

witness who has personal knowledge of events pertaining to a case and can testify only to things he personally has observed

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22
Q

falsed confession

A

an admission of guilt in a crime in which the confessor is not responsibile for the crime

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23
Q

family abduction

A

an abduction related to a domestic or custody dispute

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24
Q

FBI

A

established in 1924, it is the primary federal investigative bureau within the US Dept of justice

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25
Q

Federal kidnapping act

A

following the historic Lindbergh Kidnapping ( abduction and murder of charles Lindbergh’s toddler) the US Congress adopted a federal kidnapping statute, popularly known as the federal kidnapping act

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26
Q

felony

A

a category of crime that is of the more serious nature than misdemeanor, usually punishable by more than one yera in prison up to death penalty

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27
Q

fence

A

a person who buys and sells stolen property with criminal intent

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28
Q

field interview

A

interviewing technique used when patrol officers happen on people or circumstances that appear suspicious but when there is not sufficient cause for arrest

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29
Q

field interview card

A

method of documenting pedigree information on citizens stopped for reasonable suspicion on street.

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30
Q

field notes

A

an investigators most personal and readily available record of the crime scene search

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31
Q

field operations

A

the wide array of police patrol duties

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32
Q

fingerprints

A

in anatomical sense, it is a mark made by the pattern of ridges on the pad of human finger

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33
Q

finished sketch

A

a completed crime scene sketch ) generally computer generated) made to scale

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34
Q

fire triangle

A

what a fire needs to burn - heat, fuel, and oxygen

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35
Q

first-degree murder

A

a form of homicide that includes premeditation and preplanning

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36
Q

fixated child molester

A

one whose primary sexual orientation is toward children, and whose sociosexual maturation develops as a result of unresolved conflicts in his or her development

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37
Q

fixed surveillance

A

observing from a stationary location

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38
Q

fleeing-felon rule

A

a legal doctrine, no longer in effect, allowing police officers to shoot suspected felons

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39
Q

flipping

A

a term to describe an arrested person who chooses to work for the government in the capacity as an informant

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40
Q

flooding

A

over saturating entire regions with drug money is one of the more sinister and surreptitious types of drug-related crime

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41
Q

flowcharting

A

an informational tracking system that demonstrates a chain of events or activities over a period of time

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42
Q

follow-up investigation

A

a continuing phase of the investigation in which information that is learned in the preliminary investigation is added to or built on

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43
Q

forcible rape

A

a type of sexual assault , usually involving intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without the persons consent

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44
Q

forensic anthropology

A

the application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology in a legal setting, most often in criminal cases where the victim’s remains are in the advanced stages of decomposition

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45
Q

forensic autopsy

A

a prostmortem exam, necropsy(particularly as to nonhuman bodies),autopsia cadaverum or obduction- is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present

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46
Q

forensic botany

A

a scientific study of plants, botanists look to plant life in order to gain information regarding possible crimes

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47
Q

forensic chemistry

A

the application of chemistry to law enforcement to reveal what chemical changes occurred during an incident, and so help reconstruct the sequence of events

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48
Q

forensic dentistry

A

scientific examination of dental records

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49
Q

forensic entomology

A

the study of insects, a branch of anthropodology, which in turn is a branch of biology commonly used in investigations to determine TIME of death

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50
Q

forensic ondotology

A

the process by which odontologists (dentists) attempt to match marks found at crime scene with the dental impressions of suspects

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51
Q

forensic photography

A

referred to as forensic imaging or crime scene photography, is the art of producing an accurate reproduction of a crime scene or accident scene using photography for the benefit of a court or to aid in the investigation

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52
Q

forgery

A

fraudulent theft by using the false signature of another person

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53
Q

forward-looking infrared

A

a surveillance technology that measures radiant energy in the radiant heat portion and displays reading as thermographs

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54
Q

fraud

A

theft by deceit

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55
Q

fruit of the poisonous tree

A

legal metaphor in the US used to describe evidence that is obtained illegally

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56
Q

frye test

A

a legal standard used to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence

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57
Q

fugitive felon act

A

unlawful flight to avoid prosecution is a US Federal Law. though drawn as a penal statute, and therefore permitting prosecution by the federal government for its violation, the purpose of the act is to permit federal government to assist in the location and apprehension of fugitives from state justice

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58
Q

fungible goods

A

items such as tools, liquor, and clothing that are indistinguishable from others like them

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59
Q

gambling

A

the wagering of money or other valuables on the outcome of a game or event

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60
Q

gang

A

a group of people, who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity

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61
Q

gang rape

A

when a group of people participate in the rape of a single victim

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62
Q

gangster

A

a slang term for a gang member

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63
Q

geographic profiling

A

a criminal investigative methodology that analyzes the location of a connected series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence

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64
Q

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS

A

a system of satellites that provides autonomous geospatial positioning with global coverage it allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites

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65
Q

good faith exception

A

a legal doctrine providing an exemption to the exclusionary rule

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66
Q

GPS ( Global positioning systems)

A

a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the federal government and operated by the US Air Force

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67
Q

Grooming

A

a method that is used by online sex predators to lure the children they meet

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68
Q

Gunshot Residue (GSR)

A

Burnt and unburnt particles from the explosive primer, the propellant, as well as components from the bullet, the cartridge case and the firearm used

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69
Q

Hacker

A

a computer programmer who explores, tests, and pushes the computer to its limits, regardless of the consequences

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70
Q

hardware

A

the physical computer and any peripherals associated with it, such as printers, telephone modems, and external disk drives

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71
Q

Hawala

A

an informal value transfer system based on the performance and honor of a huge network of money brokers which are primarily located in the middle east, north africa, and the horn of africa and south asia

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72
Q

heel

A

professional shoplifters resell stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences at usually one-half to one-fourth the original price

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73
Q

herschel, william

A

a pioneer in the mid-nineteenth century in the use of fingerprinting for the purposes of identification

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74
Q

heuristics

A

a rule of thumb that substitutes simple questions for more complex ones- that typically operator on an intuitive level and work well most of the time

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75
Q

holdup

A

a crime of taking or attempting to take something of value by force or threat of force or by putting the victim in fear

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76
Q

home invasion

A

the act of illegally entering a private and occupied dwelling with the violent intent for the purpose of committing a crime against the occupants such as robbery, assault, rape, murder, or kidnapping

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77
Q

homicide

A

the unlawful killing of one human by another

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78
Q

Homicide Investigation Tracking System (HITS)

A

a system developed out of a research project funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) initially designed to record info on homicides in Washington State between 1981 and 1986

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79
Q

Hoover, J. Edgar

A

director of the FBI for almost 50 years

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80
Q

Hot List

A

a cancellation bulletin for stolen credit cards

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81
Q

Hybrid gangs

A

criminal gangs whose members composition is that of more than one racial or ethnic group

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82
Q

identi-kit

A

a computer-generated composite of a suspected criminal

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83
Q

identitify theft

A

a form of stealing someones identity in which someone pretends to be someone else by assuming their Identification, typically in order to access resources or obtain credit and other benefits in that persons name

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84
Q

impact stains

A

stains that result from blood projecting through the air and are usually seen as spatter, but may also include gushes, splashes and arterial spurts

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85
Q

incident commander

A

a command-level officer who determines the need for specifications and makes assignment at the scene of an officer involved shooting

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86
Q

indirect evidence

A

evidence that tends to incriminate a person, without offering conclusive proof

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87
Q

inductive reasoning

A

also known as INDUCTION, it is a kind of reasoning that constructs or evaluates general propositions that are derived from specific examples

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88
Q

inevitable discovery doctrine

A

a legal doctrine stating that illegally seized evidence is admissible in court provided that eventually it would have been discovered anyway

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89
Q

infiltration

A

an attempt to penetrate a group or organizations in a covert manner

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90
Q

informant

A

anyone who provides info of investigation nature to LEOs

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91
Q

information gathering

A

this is a process of data collection on criminal acts that have not yet occurred , but for which the investigator must prepare

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92
Q

initial assessment

A

gathering sufficient info to initiate an investigation

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93
Q

initial page

A

an “at a glance” summary of the investigation

94
Q

inside team

A

a surveillance team responsible for briefing officers concerning their actions if a crime occurs

95
Q

Integrated Automated Fingerprint System (AFIS)

A

a national automated fingerprint Identification and criminal history system maintained by the FBI. IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses

96
Q

Intelligence Gathering

A

the covert process of gathering information on criminal activity

97
Q

international child abduction remedies act

A

US federal law. april 29 1988 was assigned public law- establishes procedures to implement the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International child abduction done at The Hague 10-25-80 , and for other purposes

98
Q

international terrorism

A

violent acts or acts that are danger to human life, that are a violation of the criminal law of the US or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the US or any state

99
Q

interrogation

A

the systematic questioning of a person suspected of involvement in a crime for the purpose of obtaining a confession

100
Q

interview

A

a relatively formal conversation conducted for the purpose of obtaining information

101
Q

intimate or former intimate stalking

A

when a stalker and victim were married or divorced, former lovers or current, serious or casual sex partners or former sex partners

102
Q

intoxicated robber

A

a term referring to violent offenders involved in robbery who are under the influence of alcohol when committing their crimes

103
Q

investigative phsychology

A

a new field that attempts to describe the actions of offenders and to develop an understanding of crime

104
Q

Involuntary manslaughter

A

the unlawful killing of a human being without malice aforethought, either expressed or implied

105
Q

islamism

A

a set of ideologies holding that islam is not only a religion but also a political system and that modern muslims must return to their roots of their religion and unite politically

106
Q

Jacob Wetterling crimes against children and sexual violent offender registration act

A

a US Law that requires states to implement a sex offender and crimes against children registry. enacted as part of the Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

107
Q

Jailhouse Snitch

A

a criminal information who is incarcerated and willing to provide information to police in exchange for favors

108
Q

jessica’s law

A

the informal name given to a 2005 florida law, as well as laws in several other states, designed to protect potential victims and reduce a sex offenders ability to re-offend

109
Q

joyriding

A

the act of a juvenile auto thief who steals a car for enjoyment for short periods of time

110
Q

justifiable homicide

A

a type of willful killing that is reported as justifiable or excusable

111
Q

labeling

A

classifying a missing child case

112
Q

landmarks

A

a term referring to the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features in face recognition software

113
Q

larceny-theft

A

the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another

114
Q

latent evidence

A

evidence that is not readily visible to the naked eye

115
Q

latent fingerprints

A

fingerprints that are NOT visible unless devloped through a fingerprint-lifting process

116
Q

lay witness

A

witnesses who are not expert witnesses

117
Q

lineup

A

the police practice of allowing witnesses or victims to view several suspects for identification purposes

118
Q

link analysis

A

charting technique, designed to show relationships between individuals and organizations using a graphic visual design

119
Q

lividity

A

a blood stain on the body of a deceased person

120
Q

loan sharking

A

usurious loans made to people for exorbitant interest rates, whose payment is enforced by the use of violence (rocky)

121
Q

lochard exchanged principle

A

holds that the perp of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something, and that both can be used as forensic evidence

122
Q

logic bomb

A

a set of instructions inserted in a computer program that looks for specific errors in a computers normal functioning

123
Q

lonndon metropolitan police

A

ENGLAND’S first paid, full-time police force, consisting of about 1,000 uniformed officers.

124
Q

major case squads

A

multi jurisdictional or metro crime investigative teams, drawing from the most talented investigative personnel from all jurisdictions

125
Q

manslaughter

A

the deliberate killing of another human being characterized by either voluntary or involuntary classifications

126
Q

markers

A

items placed in crime scene photos that call attention to specific objects or enable the viewer of the photo to get a sense of the size of the object or the distance between objects

127
Q

Mara Salvatrucha

A

a relatively new violent salvadoran gang that continues to spread despite law enforcement efforts, also known as MS-13

128
Q

masquerading

A

the process of one person assuming the identity of an authorized computer user by acquiring the victims items, knowledge, or characteristics

129
Q

mass murder

A

the commission of FOUR OR MORE murders in a SINGLE INCIDENT within a SHORT SPAN OF TIME

130
Q

maximization

A

the exaggeration of evidence available, telling the person that the interrogator knows he or she is guilty or stressing the consequences of a crime

131
Q

medical examiner

A

public official who makes official determinations of the cause and time of death in wrongful death cases

132
Q

megans law

A

an informal name for laws in the US requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available about registered sex offenders, which was created in response to the murder of megan kanka

133
Q

merchandise robbery

A

a roberry that involves the forcible taking of goods from a store

134
Q

method of operation (MO)

A

the behavior of the criminal during the commision of the crime

135
Q

microtremors

A

tiny frequency modulations in the human voice

136
Q

minimization

A

a term used when law enforcement is required to limit their monitoring of criminal suspects

137
Q

miranda warnings

A

legal guidelines to protect the rights of the ACCUSEDwere defined further by the supreme court in such cases as miranda

138
Q

misdemeanor

A

a less serious crime than a felony, usually punishable by less than one year in county jail, a fine, or both (MCAA)

139
Q

missing children act of 1982

A

legislation that created a national clearinghouse for missing children and authorizing research to determine the extent of the problem within this country

140
Q

mobile data terminals

A

an in car computer designed to provide info to the operators of EMS

141
Q

mobile surveillance

A

observing a criminal suspect from a moving vehicle

142
Q

money laundering

A

a process whereby illegally earned cash is made to appear legit or the sources of the cash are disguised

143
Q

motion

A

a written request ( also called a petition) or an oral request made to the court anytime before, during or after court proceedings

144
Q

motiviation

A

reasons why someone does something

145
Q

mugging

A

a strong arm robbery

146
Q

multilateration

A

a NAVIGATION technique based on the measurement of the difference in distance to two or more stations at known locations that broadcast signals at known times

147
Q

Munchausen Syndrom by Proxy

A

a clinical term referring to when a parent or caretaker attempt to bring medical attention to himself or herself by inducing illness to his or her children

148
Q

murder

A

the purposeful, premeditated, and unlawful taking of human life by another person

149
Q

mutual assault

A

when both people involved in an altercation committed assault

150
Q

NATB

A

National Auto Theft Crime Bureau

151
Q

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children

A

a private, nonprofit organization established in 1984 by US Congress

152
Q

National Crime Information Center

A

The US central database for tacking crime related information

153
Q

National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abudcted, Runaway and Throwaway Children Project

A

a research project supported by US Dept of Justice. Enacted to address 1984 Missing children’s assistance act. Required the office of juvenile justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) o conduct periodic national incidence studies to determine the actual number of children reported missing and the number recovered

154
Q

National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB)

A

a not-for-profit insurance organization committed to combating vehicle theft and insurance fraud

155
Q

Natural Death

A

a death that is primarily attributed to natural agents: usually an illness or an internal malfunction of the body

156
Q

NCAVC

A

abbreviation for the national center for analysis of violent crime, special FBI unit coordinating investigation and operational support. criminological research, training to provide assistance to federal, state, local, foreign LEOs investigating unusual or repetitive violent crimes ( SERIAL CRIMES)

157
Q

NCIC

A

national crime information center

158
Q

NCMEC

A

National center for missing and exploited children

159
Q

neglect

A

a passive form of abuse, which a perpetrator is responsible to provide care for a victim who is unable to care for himself but fails to provide adequate care

160
Q

neighborhood canvass

A

a door-to-door search of the area of a crime to identify witnesses

161
Q

Neighborhood watch

A

a program whereby merchants and residents are encouraged to take more proactive role in detecting, reporting activity that might be criminal in nature

162
Q

NISMART

A

National Incidence Studies for Missing, Abudcted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children

163
Q

nodal points

A

identifying markers used in conjunction with “landmarks” in facial recognition software

164
Q

Nonaccusatory

A

an interview in which the subject being interviewed is not addressed as the accuser

165
Q

noncustodial parent

A

a parent who does not have legal custody of his or her child

166
Q

nonfamily abduction

A

when a child is removed from his or her family through force or tickery

167
Q

objection

A

a protest to judge regarding the form of the question being asked of the witness

168
Q

Objectively Reasonable Standard

A

a term in constitutional case law, means that in determining the necessity for force and the appropriate level of force, officers shall evaluate each situation in light of the circumstances, including but not limited to the seriousness of the crime, level of threat or resistance presented by the subject, and the danger to the community

169
Q

officer on the scene

A

a term referring to the ability of a reasonable officer in the field to make judgments regarding the appropriateness of action

170
Q

olfactory senses

A

the ability to smell distinguishable odors emitted from certain types of fires that might indicate a specific fire starter, such as kerosene, gasoline and alcohol

171
Q

one percenter OMG

A

a term referring to outlaw motorcycle gangs whose members consider membership a lifestyle that is supported by criminal activity

172
Q

open-field search

A

term that refers to the open field doctrine first articulated by the US Supreme Court in HESTER v US. stating that “ special protection accorded by the 14th ammdt. to the people in their “ persons, houses, papers, effects” is NOT EXTENDED TO OPEN FIELDS

173
Q

Open Files

A

criminal information developed for the purpose of eventually making an arrest and gaining a conviction in a court of law

174
Q

opportunistic robber

A

robber who steals to obtain small amounts of money when he or she identifies what seems to be a vulnerable target

175
Q

Outlaw motorcycle gangs ( OMGs)

A

criminal gangs commonly affiliated with motorcycles

176
Q

outside team

A

the arrest time in a surveillance

177
Q

overt information collection

A

a method of collecting info involving personal interaction with people, many of whom are witnesses to crimes, victims, or the suspects themselves

178
Q

paper trail

A

evidence in an arson case, that shows motive. this includes financial records, inflated insurance coverage, little or no inventory and excessive debts

179
Q

parental kidnapping prevention act

A

law that establishes national standards for the assertion of child custody jurisdiction

180
Q

passive stains

A

drops, flows, and pools, and typically result from gravity acting on an injured body

181
Q

pat-down search

A

a search of a persons outer clothing wherein a person runs his or her hands along the outer garments to detect any concealed WEAPONS OR CONTRABAND

182
Q

Patent Fingerprint

A

Latent Fingerprint

183
Q

Pedophilia

A

the basis of sexual misconduct with children

184
Q

Peel, Sir Robert

A

the founder of the Metropolitan Police Department during the early 19th century

185
Q

Perceptual distortions

A

when an officers level of awareness is clouded or otherwise misinterpreted rendering an inaccurate assessment of a situation.

186
Q

personality profiling

A

a means of identifying the type of person responsible for a crime. this is accomplished by identifying the psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime as well as the manner in which it was committed.

187
Q

photo lineup

A

the use of photographs that are shown to a victim or witness in the ID process

188
Q

physical abuse

A

a term referring to the assault or other harmful phhysical contact between subject and an underage child

189
Q

physical evidence

A

any type of evidence having shape, size or dimension

190
Q

physical surveillance

A

the act of LEOS visually observing a suspect or location

191
Q

pigeon drop

A

a commonly used confidence game

192
Q

pilferage

A

the stealing of merchandise

193
Q

pinkerton, Allan

A

The founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency

194
Q

Pinkerton National Detective Agency

A

founded by Allan Pinkerton in 1850, this was one of the first criminal investigation bodies to exist in the US

195
Q

Plain View Doctrine

A

legal doctrine whereby police officers have the opportunity to confiscate evidence, without a warrant, basedon what they find in plain view and open to public inspection

196
Q

plants

A

preparations used to set an ARSON fire

197
Q

plastic fingerprint

A

a fingerprint impression left when a person presses against a plastic material such as putty, wax or tar

198
Q

plastic workers

A

white-collar criminals who have experience in dealing with stolen credit cards

199
Q

point of origin

A

the location on an arson scene where fire originated

200
Q

Polymerase Chain Rection

A

a process in which DNA strips can be rapidly reproduced for scientific analysis

201
Q

Postmortem lividity

A

a purplish coloration of the skin of a deceased person

202
Q

power-assertive rapist

A

a rapist who attempts to demonstrate his manhood to the victim through sexual assault

203
Q

power-reassurance rapist

A

a rapist who has primary motivation of power over his victim

204
Q

preferential molester

A

a child molester who has sexual desires focusing on children and typically has more identifiable psychological disorder

205
Q

preliminary investigation

A

a term referring to the early stages of crime scene processing, usually conducted by the first officer on the crime scene

206
Q

premeditation

A

planning beforehand that shows intent to commit a criminal act

207
Q

pretrial conference

A

a meeting between prosecutor and investigator at which the prosecution strategy to a criminal case is discussed

208
Q

preventive response

A

prevention through DETERRENCE that sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal, and by aggressive prosecution

209
Q

prima facie evidence

A

evidence established by law that proves a fact in dispute

210
Q

primary physical aggressor

A

if the police have sufficient reason to believe that a person, within the preceding four hours, committed an active domestic violence battery, the officer is required to arrest a person. this person is known as the primary aggressor

211
Q

prison gang

A

criminal organizations that originated within the penal system and operate within correctional facilities throughout the US

212
Q

private eye

A

private investigator

213
Q

proactive response

A

an investigative approach to crime solving in which criminal activity is investigated BEFORE it occurs

214
Q

probably cause

A

the minimal amount of info necessary to cause a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is being commited by a particular person

215
Q

professional robber

A

a robber who has long-term commitment to crime as a source of livelihood, planning and organizing crimes before committing the, and pursuing money to support a particular lifestyle

216
Q

profile

A

a method used to Identify an offender’s motivation

217
Q

prohibition

A

lasting from 1920-1933, the period where manufacturing, selling and consumption of alcoholic beverages was outlawed in US

218
Q

proof

A

the end or net result of the evidence collection process

219
Q

property crime

A

a type of crime whereby the criminal is more concerned with financial gain and less prepared for a violent altercation with the victim

220
Q

protection orders

A

legal document that orders one person to stay away from another

221
Q

psychological dependence

A

feeling that a drug is necessary to ones well-being

222
Q

psychological profiling

A

a behavioral and investigative tool that is intended to help investigators to accurately predict and profile the characteristics of unknown criminal subjects or offenders

223
Q

public information officer

A

an officer designated as a media contact for public service organization

224
Q

public safety exception

A

a supreme court ruling that found that LEOs who are reasonably concerned for public safety may question persons who are in custody and who have not yet been read Miranda Warnings

225
Q

Pyramid scheme

A

commonly used confidence game

226
Q

Pryomaniac

A

personal with psychological disorder in which sexual gratification is obtained through setting of fires

227
Q

questioned documents

A

documents that are suspected of being associated with criminal activity

228
Q

rape

A

the unlawful sexual intercourse, achieved through force and without consent

229
Q

rape kit

A

a set of items used by medical personnel for gathering and preserving physical evidence following an allegation of sexual assault, which can be used in rape investigation

230
Q

reactive response

A

an approach to crime solving that addresses crimes that have already occurred, such as murder, robbery and burglary

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