Glossary Terms Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Abandoned children
A
When claims over ones offspring are relinquished with the intent of never again resuming or resetting them
2
Q
Abduction
A
The process of proposing a likely explanation for an event that must be tested
3
Q
Absolute judgement
A
When eyewitnesses compare each photograph or person in a lineup only with their memory of what the offender looked like
4
Q
Accelerant
A
Any substance that can bind mix or disturb another substance and cause an increase in the speed of natural artificial chemical process typically used in context with arsons
5
Q
Accidental death
A
The death of a person that is unintentional and unforeseen
6
Q
Acquaintance molestation
A
The sexual abuse of children by persons known to them other than family
7
Q
Acute maltreatment
A
When a child’s death is directly related to injuries suffered as a result of a specific incident or abuse or act of negligence
8
Q
Acute neglect
A
A term commonly associated with child abuse when a perpetrator is responsible to divide care for a victim who is unable to care for themselves but fails to provide adequate care
9
Q
Affidavit
A
A legal document presenting facts that the officer or investigator believes constitute probable cause to justify the issuance of a warrant
10
Q
AFIS system
A
Automated fingerprint identification system
11
Q
Alligatoring
A
The pattern of crevices formed by the burning of wooden structure
12
Q
Amido black protein
A
A liquid substance used in to drain for total protein on transferred membrane blots.
**It is typically used in criminal investigations to detect blood present with latent fingerprints **
13
Q
Anger rapist
A
A general category including the anger retaliatory talker and the anger excitation rapist
14
Q
Anger retaliatory rapist
A
Person who vents his anger and frustration toward the opposite sex by punishing them
15
Q
Anticipatory search warrant
A
Search warrant issued before the evidence is actually known to exist but it is anticipated to exist
16
Q
Associative evidence
A
Evidence that links a suspect with a crime
17
Q
Asset forfeiture
A
Confiscation , by the state , of assets which are either 1- alleged proceeds of crime or 2- the alleged instrumentalities of crime, and more recently , alleged terrorism
18
Q
Bank examiner scheme
A
A criminal scheme when con artists lose as fbi, bank examiners , police, the victim is then contacted by them pretending to need help in conducting an investigation
19
Q
Bank secrecy act (BSA)
A
A federal law passed in 1970 to require reporting of large scale case transactions
20
Q
Baseline technique
A
Crime scene measuring technique in which a line is drawn between two known points
21
Q
Battered child syndrome
A
A clinical term referring to the collection of injuries sustained by a child as a result of repeated mistreatment or bearing
22
Q
Battery
A
An intentional nonconsensual bodikt contavt that reasonable person would consider harmful
23
Q
Bertillon system
A
An early criminal identification or classification system based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body, such as skeletal size , ear shape and eye color remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity. This system used a combination of photographs with standardized physical measurements
24
Q
Best evidence rule
A
Legal doctrine of evidence that says that no evidence will be admissible in court if its secondary in nature (original notes )
25
Beyond a reasonable doubt
The standard of proof in a criminal case in which deciders of fact are entirely satisfied that the defendant is guilty as charged
26
Bill of rights
A constitutional doctrine granting individual freedoms
27
Binding material
A material used to incapacitate a victim during a robbery
28
Bio hazardous material
Substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms primarily that of humans. This includes waste of samples of microorganisms virus or toxins impacting human health
29
Bobbie’s
The name of the London metropolitan police department officers : they were named after their founder - Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel
30
Body packing
Associated with a mule or courier who snuggles something with them (as opposed to sending by mail etc ) across a national border , including bringing into and out of an international plane especially a small amount transported for a smuggling organization
31
Booby traps
Deadly and dangerous devices used to earn the suspect of any intruders by the sound of explosive devices
32
Bookmaking
A type of gambling that usually involves taking bets on sporting events
33
Boosters
Professional shoplifters who resell stolen merchandise to pawn shops or fences at usually one half to one fourth the original price
34
Bootlegging
Smuggling or manufacturing untaxed alcohol or cigarettes
35
Bow street runners
A group of English crime fighters formed by Henry fielding during the eighteenth century
36
Burden of proof
The duty to establish the validity or factuality of the charge against a person
37
Burglary
A covert crime in which the criminal works during the night time outside the presence of witnesses
38
Burned
A term used in undercover operations when an undercover agent is identified by a suspect
39
Buy-bust
When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is immediately arrested
40
Buy-walk
When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is allowed to leave for the purpose of continuing the investigation
41
Carjacking
When an armed robber forces the driver of an automobile out of the vehicle before stealing it.
42
Carnal Knowledge
a specific sx act such as contact between a penis and vagina. (also sodomy)
43
carroll doctrine
a legal principle that enables officers to search an automobile without a warrant provided that they have probable cause to believe it contains contraband and the vehicle is mobile.
44
case linkage
also called "linking analysis" refers to the process of determining whether or not there are discrete connections between two or more previously unrelated cases through crime scene analysis.
45
chain of custody
documentation of all who handled evidence in a criminal case
46
check kitin
drawing cash on accounts made up of uncollected funds
47
child abduction
the unauthorized removal of a minor from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians.
48
child abduction response team ( CARTS)
a term for a specific type of broader, coordinated effort to locate a missing child
49
child abuse
another term for child molestation
50
child molester
one who engages in some form of child sexual exploitation
51
child protection act of 2003
legislation that created Amber Alerts
52
Child Protective Services
the name of a governmental agency in many states of the US that responds to reports of child abuse or neglect
53
child sexual abuse
the unwanted sexual physical contact of an underage child
54
chop shop
a secret location where auto thieves dismantle stolen vehicles for the purpose of selling the parts
55
chronic maltreatment
occurs when a childs death is directly related to injuries caused by maltreatment or neglect occurring over an extended period.
56
circumstantial evidence
evidence that tends to incriminate a person without offering positive proof
57
closed files
intelligence files that are maintained apart from criminal investigation files to prevent unauthorized inspection of data
58
code adam
an internationally recognized missing child safety program in the US and Canada originally created by walmart retail store in 1994
59
coerced-compliant confessions
the use of fear tactics that include direct threats, intimidation, or actual physical abuse
60
coerced internalization
when highly suggestible and confused suspects who actually begin to believe that they are guilty of the crime they didn't commit
61
coercion
the use or threat of illegal physical means to induce a suspect to make an admission or confession
62
coginitive interview
a method of interviewing in which eyewitnesses and victims report what they remember from a crime scene
63
cold case
a crime or an accident that has not yet been solved to the full and is it not the subject of a recent criminal investigation, but for which new info could emerge from new witness testimony, reexamined archives, retained material evidence, as well as fresh activities of the suspect.
64
collation
the process of comparing texts carefully to clarify or give meaning to information
65
command post
a designated physical location where pulic supervisory and command personnel gather to coordinate emergency operations
66
commercial burglary
burglaries of businesses and other commercial establishments
67
commercial robbery
robbery or storys and businesses located close to major thorough fares such as main street, highways and interstates
68
commodity flow analysis
charting the logical flow of such commodities as drugs, money and illegal arms shipments
69
companion officer
a peer law enforcement support officer typically designated to accompany an officer involved in a shooting situation (shooting team officer)
70
composite
a freehand drawing of a suspected criminal
71
computer crime
a violation of criminal law that requires some knowledge of computers for perpetration
72
computer error exception
an exception to the exclusionary rule that holds that a vehicle stop based on an arrest warrant store improperty is still lawful
73
computer hacking
a compulsive computer programmer who explores, tests, and pushes the computer to its limits, regardless of its consequences
74
computer virus
a set of illegal computer instructions designed to ruin computer hardware or software while reproducing itself in the computer program when it is executed
75
confession
direct acknowledgment by the suspect of his or her guilt in the commission of a specific crime or as an integral part of a specific crime
76
confidence game
the criminal practice of gaining the confidence of a would-be victim for the sole purpose of swindling money from them
77
confidential informant
a person who provides privileged information about a person or organization to an agency. (C.I) can often refer pejoratively to the supply of information without the consent of the other parties with the intent of malicious, personal or financial gain.
78
conspiracy
an agreement between two or more persons to commit a criminal act, accompanied by the commission of at least one overt act in furtherance of the crime
79
constable
a term given to peace officers during the early formation of policing in England
80
contact wound
a gunshot wound incurred while the muzzle of the firearm is in direct contact with the body at the moment of discharge
81
contamination of evidence
the act of adversely affecting evidence by allowing it to be tampered with or by not protecting the chain of custody
82
convenience store robbery
the armed robbery of a convenience store
83
cooperating witness
a person whose relationship with the government is concealed until testimony at trial is required and who contributes substantial operational assistance to the resolution of a case through active participation in an investigation.
84
coordinate method
measuring an object from two fixed points of reference
85
copping areas
areas known for open air drug trafficking
86
corporate crime
a form of white collar crime whereby trusted executives working within a company mishandle funds or otherwise betray the trust of customers or other consumers
87
corpus delicti evidence
evidence that establishes that a crime has been committed
88
corroboration
supportive evidence that tends to prove that a crime was committed
89
cover story
a fake story contrived by an undercover investigator to explain his or her presence as a drug buyer to criminal suspects
90
cover information collection
CLANDESTINE PROCESS OF DATA COLLECTION ON CRIMINAL ACTS THAT HAVE NOT YET OCCURRED BUT FOR WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR MUST PREPARE
91
crack
a freebase form of cocaine
92
crack house
abandoned buildings or apartments in public housing projects located near copping areas
93
credibility
ones ability to be believed
94
crime
any act prohibited under criminal law that is punishable
95
crime scene
the location where the crime took place
96
crime scene evidence
physical,trace biological, or other evidence located at the scene of a crime
97
crime scene report
a police report designed to document the facts and circumstances of a suspected crime along with associated evidence
98
crime scene sketch
a scale drawing that locates evidence in relation to other factors
99
crime scene walk through
the investigative act of investigator walking through a scene of crime for the purpose to give investigators perspective in relation to the crime
100
crime stoppers
a program separate from the emergency telephone number system that allows a member of the community to provide anonymous information about criminal activity.
101
criminal intelligence
documented information regarding past, present, future criminal activity
102
criminal investigative analysis
identifying psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime as well as the manner in which it was committed
103
cross examination
a legal line of questioning in a criminal trial designed to weaken or discredit any testimony given during direct examination
104
cross projection method
used in INDOOR crime scene, it is basically a TOP-DOWN view of crime scene where the walls of the room have been " folded" down to reveal locations of bullet holes, blood spatter evidence and so on
105
CSA
controlled substances act of 1970
106
CSI Effect
any of several ways in which the exaggerated portrayal of forensic science on crime TV shows influence public perception
107
Currency exchange
a brokerage house for facilitating movement of illicit money
108
curtilage
the area surrounding buildings and houses
109
custodial interrogation
the process of questioning a suspect when his or her liberty has been restricted to a degree that is associated with arrest
110
cybercrime
the destruction, theft or unauthorized use, modification, or copying of information, programs, services, equipment or communication networks
111
cyber-extortion
when a computer criminal extorts money from a victim
112
cyber-stalking
preying on a victim through his or her computer
113
data diddling
false data entry
114
date rape
rape that occurs when the victim and offender are acquainted before the crime committed.
115
date rape drug
another term for the drug rohypnol
116
daubert standard
a rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during US federal legal proceedings.
117
Deadly force
actions of police officers that result in the kiling of a person
118
Deception
When one intends to dupe others by communicating messages meant to mislead and meant to make the recipients believe what the agent (the person performing or committing the act) either knows or believes to be untrue
119
Decomposition
The process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler forms of matter
120
Deductive reasoning
The ability to draw conclusions based on critical thinking
121
Deep cover
Working undercover for extended periods of time
122
Demeanour
Ones persona and how one is perceived
123
Demonstrative evidence
Evidence used to clarify an issue rather than to prove something
124
Deoxyribonucleic a is
DNA, the genetic material used in criminal investigations
125
Dependence
The degree of an illegal and addicting drugs legal use
126
Designer drugs
A class of illicit drugs , designed to emulate controlled substances
127
Detention
Something less than arrest but more than consensual encounter
128
ditigal evidence
an electronic device that can digitally record audio or video
129
direct evidence
evidence that is directly experienced. usually the experience is by sight or hearing though it may come through any sense
130
direct examination
a courtroom procedure whereby a witness is asked what he or she knows about alleged offense and asked to give brief explanation as to how he or she personally observed or knew about the incident
131
dissemination
the phase of the intelligence process where information is shared with other law enforcement agencies
132
diversion
the trafficking of pharmaceutical drugs to the street from normal, legal channels
133
dna analysis
a sciwntific process among the newest and most sophisticated techniques to test for genetic disorders, which involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself
134
DNA technology
the science of identifying the genetic fascismile, or blueprint, of any particular organism in every cell within each human body
135
domestic terrorism
the unlawful use, or threatened use of force by a group or individual, based and operating entirely within the US without foreign direction, commited against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of social or political objectives.
136
domestic violence
a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family or cohabitation
137
double invoicing
a company that orders merchandise from a foreign subsidiary at an inflated price
138
drug addict robber
a robber who robs to support his or her drug habbit
139
drug courier profile
the practice of observing suspected drug traffickers to develop a pattern of behavior that would constitute legal cause for a stop and search by police
140
drowning
a form of death that occurs when liquid enters the breathing passages, preventing air from getting to the lungs
141
Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA)
established in 1973, DEA is the only federal investigative body whose sole duty is to enforce federal drug laws in the US
142
Due process
the essential elements of fairness under the law, ensuring that no person is deprived of life, liberty or the property without notice of charges, assistance from legal counsel, a hearing and a chance to confront ones accusers.
143
duress
the imposition of restrictions on physical behavior such a prolonged interrogation, deprivation of water, sleep or food
144
Dust print
a VISIBLE fingerprint
