Glossary G Flashcards
pointed, spur portion of a climbing spike.
gaff
abnormal swelling of plant tissues caused by gall wasps, mites, nematodes, and various insects and less commonly by fungi or bacteria. Contrast with burl.
gall
complex of tunnels created by insects in plant tissues for feeeding, reproduction, and sheltering. The pattern created by these galleries can sometimes be used for pest identification….
galleries
mechanism to control the opening and closing of a connecting device. See carabiner and snap….
gate
taxonomic group, composed of species having similar fundamental traits. Botanical classification under the family level and above the specific epithet level.
genus (pl. genera)
computer application using longitude and latitude coordinates to place objects or specified locations on maps for reference and/or analysis….
geographic information system (GIS)
synthetic fabric used in landscaping and in landscape or road construction applications as a barrier under mulch or pavement to reduce weed germination and growth, as a filter to reduce infiltration of fine soil into drainage or aeration structures (including tiles or pipes), as a barrier to separate and prevent infiltration of fill or paving layers (e.g., to prevent gravel paving from infiltrating a tree root zone), and/or to spread the load of a paving or fill layer and reduce compaction of an underlying layer. Geotextiles generally allow for the passage of water and for gaseous exchange but will be limited by the material placed above.
geotextile fabric
plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity, either positive as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots)….
geotropism
group of plant hormones involved in cell elongation and other physiological processes
gibberellins
restriction or destruction of the vascular system within a root, stem, or branch that causes an inhibition of the flow of water and photosynthates in the phloem….
girdling
root that encircles all or part of the trunk of a tree or other roots and constricts the vascular tissue and inhibits secondary growth and the movement of water and photosynthates….
girdling root
simple knot used to attach a line, spliced eye, or endless loop to an object….
girth hitch
wedge-shaped cut forming the front of a hinge used in tree or limb removal. See face notch…
gob cut
(1) (noun) surface level of the ground. (2) (noun) the slope, or percentage of change, in the surface level of the ground; important for drainage and for the safe operation of equipment. (3) (verb) to change or groom the surface level or contours of the ground. (4) (noun and verb) quality determination for nursery stock.
grade
phase of site development that provides a site with intended grades (contours, elevations, and slopes). Involves cutting and filling. See mass grading….
grading
sheet of a complete set of development plans that depicts both original and finished (changed) grades. Essential information in developing tree conservation or preservation plans….
grading plan
to join together tissues from the same or different plants in order to combine desirable characteristics or to effect a repair (bridge graft)….
graft
junction between root stock and scion wood. Often evident by a thickening of the trunk at the union….
graft union
water that drains from the larger soil macropores due to the force of gravity. Compare to available water, field capacity, permanent wilting point, and saturation point….
gravitational water
untreated waste water (as from sinks, baths, or washing machines) that does not contain human wastes (as from toilets) that can be used for landscape irrigation….
gray water, graywater
design practices that reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impacts of buildings, landscapes, or infrastructure. …
green design
living plants and natural materials within developed areas. Can be incorporated with gray infrastructure (utilities, paved surfaces, and buildings) to perform important ecological functions such as stormwater management, erosion control, temperature buffering, and more.
green infrastructure
mulch composed of green (rather than woody) organic matter and not fully composted or decomposed. Also cut or mowed herbaceous material (grasses, etc.) that are left to decompose naturally and improve the underlying soil quality.
green mulch
rise in temperature caused by gases or materials suspended in the atmosphere that trap energy from the sun….
greenhouse effect
in cabling, a mechanical device that grasps and holds a cable during installation….
grip
(1) the earth’s surface and everything beneath it. (2) a path for an electrical current to reach the earth. (3) the grade or elevation of the surface of the earth….
ground
a copper plate used to form a ground terminal in shallow soils….
ground plate
metal rod used in grounding a tree lightning protection system….
ground rod
conductive plate or rod used to ground a lightning protection system….
ground terminal
low-growing plants that require minimal maintenance, used in landscaping instead of turf or mulch….
groundcover
electrically connected to the earth, properly providing a path for the flow of electricity to prevent accidental energizing….
grounded
1) n. the act of creating a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing, in British English). 2) adj.having a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing, in British English).
groounding
1) n. the act of creating a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing, in British English). 2) adj.having a path for an electrical current to reach the earth (earthing, in British English).
grounding
in utility arboriculture, the distance between live or energized conductors and the ground. In the United States, these clearances are specified in the National Electrical Safety Code.
ground-to-conductor clearance
water naturally stored underground in aquifers or that flows through and saturates soil and rock, supplying springs and wells….
groundwater
one or more materials, such as soil, peat moss, perlite, ground bark, or sand, in which plants are grown; especially in nursery production
growing medium
speed at which something grows….
growth rate
rings of xylem that are visible in a cross section of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the rings typically represent one year of growth and are sometimes referred to as annual rings.
growth rings
pair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closing of a stomate (see stomata) due to a change in water pressure within cells.
guard cells
exudation of sap or gum from the bark, often in response to disease or insect damage….
gummosis
(1) a steel or synthetic-fiber cable between a tree or branch and an external anchor (another tree, the ground, or other fixed object) to provide supplemental support. (2) a steel cable between a utility pole and an external anchor (another pole, the ground, or other fixed object, which may sometimes be a tree) to keep the pole upright. Guys act in tension. Contrast with prop.
guy
installing a guy and associated anchor….
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guying
plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. Contrast with angiosperm….
gymnosperm
hydrated calcium sulfate. Sometimes recommended as a soil conditioner or a source of calcium.
gypsum
