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ISA 2022 > Glossary B > Flashcards

Glossary B Flashcards

1
Q

cut made on a tree trunk or branch, opposite from and toward the notch, face cut, or undercut, to complete felling or branch removal (contrast with bore cut).

A

back cut

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2
Q

process whereby electricity is fed back into and re-energizes distribution lines, usually from a home generator. Voltage can be modified if it passes through a transformer.

A

back feed

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3
Q

process whereby water (that may contain pesticides, fertilizers, or other contanminants) is fed back into source pipes or mains through a hose connection or into a water source suxh as a stream, pond or lake from equipment drawing water from that source.

A

back flow

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4
Q

device (often required by law) to prevent back flow by means of an air gap or one-way valve.

A

back flow preventer

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5
Q

1) soil or amended soil used to fill the hole when planting a tree. 2) soil, common fill, aggregates, or contaminants in various combinations put back into an excavation. May not be hospitable for tree root growth and function.

A

backfill

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6
Q

single-celled organisms having a cell wall but no organized nucleus. A few species are plant pathogens.

A

bacteria

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7
Q

pesticides that are used to kill or inhibit bacteria in plants or soil.

A

bactericides

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8
Q

in rigging, a technique for lowering a tree limb without allowing either end to drop.

A

balance

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9
Q

rigging sling(s), usually with at least one spliced eye and a Prusik to position the load line. Used to rig a tree limb in a balanced configuration.

A

balancer

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10
Q

tree or other plant dug and removed from the ground for replanting, with the roots and soil wrapped in burlap or a burlap-like fabric (contrast with bare root, container grown, containerized, and in-ground fabric-bag grown; compare with ball and burlap).

A

balled and burlapped (B&B)

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11
Q

dangerous condition created when a tree or branch splits upward vertically from the back cut, slab up.

A

barber chair

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12
Q

tree or other plant removed from the ground for re-planting without soil around the roots. (Contrast with balled and burlapped, container grown, containerized, and in-ground fabric-bag grown). 2) the harvesting or transplanting of a tree or other plant without soil around the roots.

A

bare root

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13
Q

protective outer covering of branches and stems that arises from the cork cambium.

A

bark

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14
Q

cutting away torn or injured bark to leave a cleanly cut edge.

A

bark tracing

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15
Q

a chemical and anatomical barrier formed by the cambium present at the time of wounding in response to wounding. Inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after the time of wounding. Wall 4 in the CODIT model. (contrast with reaction zone)

A

barrier zone

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16
Q

application of herbicides, usually mixed with penetrating oil, to the lowest 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm) of the main stem(s) of unwanted vegetation.

A

basal bark application

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17
Q

decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress roots. Also called butt rot.

A

basal rot

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18
Q

detailed visual inspection of a tree and surrounding site that may include the use of simple tools. It requires that a tree risk assessor walk completely around the tree trunk looking at the site, aboveground roots, trunks, and branches.

A

basic assessment

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19
Q

Device, often relying on balls or rollers, to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a wheel, or a pulley sheave and an axle, or a shaft and case connecting rod (contrast with bushing)

A

bearing

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20
Q

an auxiliary attachment point on a block or pulley, usually 180 degrees from the main attachment, that is used to reeve the rigging line in a set of blocks.

A

becket

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21
Q

knot commonly used to join two ends of a piece of tubular webbing to create a loop (see water knot).

A

beer knot

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22
Q

common name given to some insects of the Coleoptera order

A

Beetle

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23
Q

means of securing or slowing a climbing line by using wraps around a cleat, carabiner, or other device.

A

belay

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24
Q

piece of equipment used to provide friction for belaying a climber.

A

Belay device

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25
Q

type of knot used to join two rope ends together (contrast with hitch)

A

bend

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26
Q

radius of an object around which a line passes.

A

bend radius

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27
Q

radius of an object around which a line passes.

A

bend radius

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28
Q

ratio of the diameter of a branch, sheave, or other object to the diameter of the rope that is wrapped around it.

A

bend ratio

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29
Q

a turning, bending or twisting force exerted by a lever, defined as the force (acting perpendicular to the lever) multiplied by the length of the lever (see moment).

A

bending moment

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30
Q

maximum fiber stress wood incurs just before it cracks or breaks when force is applied laterally.

A

bending strength

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31
Q

insects and other organisms that promote plant health or assist in the control of pest populations.

A

beneficial organisms

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32
Q

a wall or mound of dirt that directs, diverts, or holds water; screens objectionable views or reduces objectionable noise; or provides additiona rooting volume for trees or other plants.

A

berm

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33
Q

best management practices (BMP)
best-available, industry-recognized courses of action, in consideration of the benefits and limitations, based on scientific research and current knowledge.

A

best management practices (BMP)

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34
Q

half hitch(es), typically two or more, added to other knots for additional security. Also called “finishing with a half hitch.”

A

better half hitch

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35
Q

plant living two years. Usually grows vegetatively the first year, then flowers and fruits the second year (compare to annual and perennial)

A

biennial

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36
Q

natural division of a branch or stem into two or more stems or parts.

A

bifurcation

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37
Q

curve or arc in a rope between the working end and the standing part

A

bight

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38
Q

capable of being broken down by natural, organic processes and reabsorbed into the environment

A

biodegradable

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39
Q

biological diversity in an environment as indicated by number of different species of plants and animals.

A

biodiversity

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40
Q

method of managing plant pests or weeds through the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens

A

biological control

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41
Q

tree biomechanics- the study of action of forces on living trees

A

biomechanics

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42
Q

management product or pesticide formulated from naturally occurring plant extracts, microbes, or microbial by-products that poses very low risk to nontarget organisms and has limited environmental persistence

A

biorational control product

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43
Q

pesticide formulated from naturally occurring plant extracts, microbes, or microbial byproducts that poses very low risk to nontarget organisms. (2) pesticide that has limited environmental persistence and poses very low risk to nontarget organisms.

A

biorational pesticide

44
Q

pertaining to living organisms

A

biotic

45
Q

a living organism capable of causing disease

A

biotic agent

46
Q

disorder caused by a living organism (contrast with abiotic disorder)

A

biotic disorder

47
Q

double pinnate (contrast with palmate and pinnate)

A

bipinnate

48
Q

expanded body of a leaf. (2) sharp, cutting part of a tool

A

blade

49
Q

friction knot climbers use, sometimes in place of the tautline hitch or Prusik knot

A

Blake’s hitch

50
Q

flow of sap from plant wounds, injuries, or pathogen invasion. (2) flow of blood from a human or animal wound

A

bleeding

51
Q

mix of slow-release and soluble fertilizers, with the percentage of water-insoluble nitrogen (WIN) listed on the label

A

blended fertilizer (fertiliser, in British English)

52
Q

any disease or disorder, regardless of the causal agent, that kills young plant tissues.

A

blight

53
Q

heavy-duty pulley used in rigging. Designed for dynamic loading. (2) casing enclosing one or more parallel pulleys

A

block

54
Q

system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.

A

block and tackle

55
Q

method of using an arborist block to rig down trunk sections (contrast with butt-hitching). In some countries, to remove a trunk by cutting and dropping small pieces at a time

A

blocking

56
Q

method of ascending a tree using a climbing rope.

A

body-thrust

57
Q

main trunk of a tree below the branches, usually used in reference to a tall tree whose first branch is high off the ground.

A

bole

58
Q

1) post on which wraps can be taken with a rope to tie it off or to provide friction for control. 2) a sturdy post used to protect vulnerable areas or objects from vehicles

A

bollard

59
Q

1) lag- or machine-threaded cable anchor or bracing rod; used with a nut and washer in supplement support systems in trees. 2) a machine-threaded fastener used with a nut and washer in various equipment or structures.

A

bolt

60
Q

conductor that connects a tree support cable or metal conduit to a lightning protection system.

A

bonding conductor

61
Q

art of pruning and managing tree growth through root pruning to maintain a miniature size.

A

bonsai

62
Q

long, movable arm of an aerial device or crane

A

boom

63
Q

a section of a transmission or pipeline right-of-way that extends from the wire or pipe zone to the right-of-way edge. The border zone is managed to promote a low-growing plant community of forbs, tall shrubs, and low-growing trees below a specified height (e.g., 25 ft or 7.5 m).

A

border zone

64
Q

using the tip of a chain saw to cut into or through the middle of a piece of wood. Back-cut technique in which the hinge is established by plunge cutting through the stem, then cutting back away from

A

bore cut

65
Q

pesticides derived from plants

A

botanical pesticide

66
Q

compounds (pesticides, oils, etc.) made from plants.

A

botanicals

67
Q

loop knot used to form single or double endline loop(s) in a rope, often to attach items to the rope.

A

bowline

68
Q

knot used to form two loops in the standing part of a rope.

A

bowline on a bight

69
Q

tree cabling system that forms closed polygons. Used to join together more than three stems (contrast with direct cable system and triangular cable system).

A

box cable system

70
Q

installation of metal rods through portions of a tree for supplemental support.

A

bracing

71
Q

metal rod used to support weak sections or crotches of a tree.

A

bracing rod

72
Q

the fruiting body of a decay fungus (see conk).

A

bracket

73
Q

modified leaf,usually growing just below the flower petals.

A

bract

74
Q

rope construction in which the strands are woven together in a diagonal pattern (contrast with 3-strand rope)

A

braided rope

75
Q

stem arising from a larger stem. A subdominant stem. Pith in true branches has no connection to the parent stem.

A

branch

76
Q

the angle, typically less than 90 degrees, formed in the union between stem and branch

A

branch angle

77
Q

orientation and distribution of branches along a trunk

A

branch arrangement

78
Q

raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

A

branch bark ridge

79
Q

area where a branch joins another branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.

A

branch collar

80
Q

chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent branch at the base of a smaller, subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch.

A

branch protection zone

81
Q

natural, gradual reduction in the diameter of a branch from its point of origin to the tip (see taper)

A

branch taper

82
Q

point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch. Fork. Crotch.

A

branch union

83
Q

force at which a new piece of equipment or rope fails under a static load.

A

breaking strength

84
Q

method to repair a semi-girdled to completely girdled trunk in which scion wood is grafted above and below the trunk injury to reconnect the trunk vascular cambium.

A

bridge graft

85
Q

fertilizer over the soil surface (contrast with drill-hole fertilization and liquid fertilization)

A

broadcast fertilization (fertilisation, in British English)

86
Q

fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown of cellulose. Contrast with soft rot and white rot

A

brown rot

87
Q

term describing the brown appearance of dead foliage, usually following the application of herbicide.

A

brownout

88
Q

in the United Kingdom, industry-developed recommendations for tree work. National consensus standards of practice for tree work (see BSI)

A

BS3998, Tree Work. Recommendations.

89
Q

in the United Kingdom, industry-developed, national consensus standards of practice for trees in relation to construction

A

BS5387, Guide for Trees in Relation to Construction

90
Q

acronym for British Standards Institution

A

BSI

91
Q

strap used in tree climbing, often employed for ascending trees with climbing spurs. Similar to a work-positioning lanyard

A

buck strap

92
Q

cutting of a tree trunk or log into shorter, manageable sections

A

bucking

93
Q

small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower or shoot. Undeveloped flower or shoot containing a meristematic growing point.

A

bud

94
Q

vascular connection extending from the base of latent buds inward to near the pith. Grows in length with each annual increment and appears as a thin, continuous line when viewed in longitudinal section.

A

bud trace

95
Q

ability of a soil to maintain (i.e., resist change in) its pH.

A

buffering capacity

96
Q

mass of soil per unit volume. Often used as a measure of compaction

A

bulk density

97
Q

large diameter rope used in rigging.

A

bull rope

98
Q

simple hitch commonly used to attach a line to a piece of hardware.

A

buntline hitch

99
Q

an abnormal swelling of a tree trunk characterized by swirling wood grain and meristematic tissue. Wood with these structures is prized for woodworking (contrast with gall)

A

burl (burr, in British English)

100
Q

strong, coarsely woven cloth made from fibers of jute, flax, or hemp. (2) a burlaplike fabric made of synthetic fibers. Both are used for containing soil in a root ball (ee balled and burlapped)

A

burlap

101
Q

metallic tube or lining, without moving parts, to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a pulley sheave and an axle; also the nonrotating sheave used to increase the bend radius for the sling attachment (contrast with bearing). 2) a device, often made of rubber or plastic, to reduce vibration or wear between mechanical parts. 3) a fitting used to connect plumbing parts of different diameters (such as in spray equipment).

A

bushing

102
Q

decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress roots. See crown rot.

A

butt rot

103
Q

knot that can be used to form a loop in the standing part of a line.

A

butterfly knot

104
Q

method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block. Contrast with blocking

A

butt-hitching

105
Q

roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress

A

buttress roots

106
Q

tying off a limb at the butt (larger) end for rigging

A

butt-tying

107
Q

a tool that pushes a sharpened blade through a small-diamoeter stem, past an unsharpened hooked or curved blade. Also called secateurs, pruning shears, or hand pruners (contrast with anvil-type pruning tool).

A

bypass pruner

ISA 2022 (13 decks)

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