Glossary E Flashcards
plant communities that first develop followinfg disturbance. Succession is the replacement of one plant community by another
early-successional plant communities
portion of an annual ring formed during the spring, characterized by large cells and thin walls, often lighter in color. Also called springwood. Contrast with latewood.
earlywood
drill bit with a wide, threaded shank used for drilling holes in the ground. See soil auger
earth auger
legal interest in real property that conveys use or partial use, but not ownership, of a portion of an owner’s property
easement
the study of the relationships between organisms and other living and non-living elements of their environment..
ecology
pest population or plant damage level at which the cost of inaction is less than the cost of action (see action threshold).
economic threshold
complex system of living organisms and their abiotic environment
ecosystem
the benefits people obtain from ecosystems
ecosystem services
type of mycorrhizae that grow between the cortical or epidermal cells of absorbing roots, forming an outer sheath around the root. See mycorrhizae. Contrast with endomycorrhizae
ectomycorrhizae
watery swelling in plant tissue
edema
EHS cable
extra-high-strength cable
conductors used to transmit electric energy and their necessary supporting or containing structures.
electric supply lines
corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality aligned with distribution facilities for delivery of electric energy for use primarily by the public
electric utility
any object, material, or medium through which an electrical current can flow. Electric supply lines are designed as electrical conductors; however, guy wires, communication cables, tools, equipment, vehicles, humans, animals, and other items can function as electrical conductors.
electrical conductor
amount of electricity passing through an electrical conductor. Measured in amps
electrical current
difference in electric charge between an energized conductor and the ground or other object. Measured in volts.
electrical potential
relative opposition of an object, material, or medium to the flow of electrical current. Measured in ohms. Material such as copper has low resistance and is therefore a good conductor; material such as glass has high resistance and is therefore a good insulator.
electrical resistance
unintended redirection of electrical current to ground, interrupting the flow of electricity. If the path of an electrical short runs through a person, severe injury or death may result
electrical short
aerial platforms used on work sites in place of ladders and tower scaffolds
elevating work platform (EWP)
air bubbles in the xylem typically entering during periods of drought or injury.
embolism
rudimentary plant in the seed before it starts a period of rapid growth….
embryo
holes in the bark created by insects leaving the plant to complete their life-cycle. Also called exit holes.
emergence holes
emergency response predetermined set of procedures by which emergency situations are assessed and handled
emergency response
knots tied at the end of a line (such as a bowline or clove hitch).
endline knots
loop created in the end of a rope by forming any of numerous knots.
endline loop
type of mycorrhizae that grow within root cells. See mycorrhizae. Contrast with ectomycorrhizae
endomycorrhizae
electrical conductor through which electrical current is flowing and is thus energized. This may be intended and expected or the unintended and unexpected result of an electrical short
energized conductor
potential to do work
energy
material used as a construction base that is different from the surrounding soil profile and has a known compaction rate or load-bearing capacity.
engineered fill
term describing a leaf margin without teeth
entire
shoot arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point)
epicormic shoot
outer tissue of leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds
epidermis
downward curling of the leaf blade resulting from more rapid cell growth on the upper side of the petiole than on the lower side. Often a symptom of plant disease. Distortion of growth, often caused by certain types of herbicides.
epinasty
nonparasitic plant that uses another plant as a host for mechanical support only but does not derive nutrients or water from it. Contrast with parasite and saprophyte.
epiphyte
total removal of a species from a particular area. May refer to pathogens or insect pests or to unwanted plants.
eradication
mites in the family Eriophyidae. Often even smaller than other mites and requiring higher magnification to see. Often associated with leaf galls (see mites).
eriophyid mites
the wearing away of the land by the movement of water, wind, or ice
erosion
in felling operations, direction for chain saw operator to move while tree is falling. Generally 45 degrees on either side of a line drawn opposite the intended direction of fall.
escape route
(1) (noun) specialized technique of pruning and training plants to grow within a plane, such as along a wall or a fence. (2) (noun) a plant trained in that manner. (3) (verb) to train plants in that manner.
espalier
17 minerals essential to the growth and development of trees. These minerals are essential because plants cannot complete their life cycle without them. See macronutrient, micronutrient, and primary elements.
essential elements
to grow, or cause a plant ot grow, successfully in a new place. In forestry, may refer to initial planting and care; in landscaping, may refer to care after planting until the plant is growing successfully.
establish
plant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening. Also stimulates latex flow in rubber trees.
ethephon
gaseous plant hormone that triggers fruit ripening and plant senescence
ethylene
loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants.
evapotranspiration (ET)
tree or other plant that does not shed all of its foliage annually. Contrast with deciduous..
evergreen
growth habit characterized by a central leader and a pyramidal crown. Contrast with decurrent
excurrent tree
peeling off in shreds or layers. Usually refers to bark.
exfoliating
not native or indigenous to a region. May be invasive. Contrast with introduced species, native species, and naturalized species.
exotic species
ability of a root to resume its original direction of growth after being deflected by an object
exotropy
type of 7-strand steel cable, often used to cable trees. Stronger but less flexible than common-grade cable. Must be terminated with dead-end tree grips.
extra-high-strength (EHS) cable
oozing from pores or breaks in cell membranes.
exudation
cable anchor with a closed eye, usually machine threaded. Only drop-forged eye bolts are accepted and approved for tree support systems in the United States
eye bolt
(1) in cabling, a closed termination loop, hand formed in common-grade cable by wrapping the successive strands back upon the standing part to attach the cable to anchor hardware. (2) a splice that forms a closed eye or loop.
eye splice
length of rope that has been spliced back upon itself to form an eye in the end
eye-spliced rope
sling (usually a length of spliced rope) with an eye at each end. Also called eye-and-eye sling
eye-to-eye sling
