Glossary C Flashcards
1) v. to install steel cable or synthetic rope between branches within a tree to limit movement and provide supplemental support. 2) n. steel wires twisted together in a uniform helical arrangement; cable intended for arboriculutural applications, typically contain seven wires that are zinc-coated.
cable
device used to tighten lags and aid in cable installation
cable aid
hardware to which a cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation.
cable anchor
double-bolted, U-shaped clamp, sometimes used to secure tree cables. Not acceptable or approved for tree support systems in the United States
cable clamp
mechanical device that grasps and holds the cable during installation
cable grip
metal fitting that can be affixed to the ends of steel cable strands to terminate a cable installation
cable stop
installation of steel or synthetic cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or crotches
cabling
thickness or diameter of the trunk of a tree taken at a standard height, used in specifying nursery stock.
caliper
instrument used to measure the diameter of the trunk of a tree.
calipers
undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding (contrast with woundwood)
callus
thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter
cambium
Canadian not-for-profit association made up of representatives from various industry, association, and governmental groups providing standards documentation and training materials. Provides a similar role as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in the United States.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
localized diseased area on stems, roots, and branches. Often shrunken and discolored..
canker
collective branches and foliage of a tree or group of trees’ crowns. Aggregate or collective tree crowns.
canopy
lever with an adjustable hook and having a blunt end instead of a spike. Used for handling and rolling logs. Traditionally made with a stout wooden lever but now often made of metal (contrast with peavey).
cant hook
water held in the capillary pores of the soil; much of this water can move in any direction and is readily available to plant roots
capillary water
connecting device. Oblong metal ring used in climbing and static rigging that is opened and closed by a spring-loaded gate (contrast with snap)
carabiner (karabiner)
compound, combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sugars and starches
carbohydrate
colorless gas, soluble in water, used by green plants to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis; CO2. One of the major air pollutants
carbon dioxide/carbon bioxide
capturing and long-term storage of carbon. Most often used in reference to the capturing and retention of atmospheric carbon dioxide through biological, chemical, or physical processes. Trees sequester carbon through photosynthesis.
carbon sequestration
procedure used by a trained person to force air into the lungs and to force blood circulation in a person whose heart has stopped beating (see also artificial respiration)
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants.
carotenoid
larvae of insects in the Lepidoptera order.
caterpillar
positively charged ion. In soils, the most abundant cations are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al) (contrast with anion
cation
ability of a soil to adsorb and hold cations. Affected by soil pH. Measures soil fertility, clay composition, and engineering characteristics
cation exchange capacity (CEC)
spike-like flower structure, often drooping and flexible
catkin
biotic or abiotic agent that induces a disease or disorder
causal agent
in determining legal liability, the test of the proximate cause and foreseeabilty of the consequences
causation in fact
open or closed hollow within a tree stem, usually associated with decay
cavity
see cation exchange capacity
CEC
basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
cell
complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants, algae, and certain fungi
cellulose
main stem of a tree, particularly of an excurrent specimen.
central leader
portable power saw with teeth linked in a loop of chain.
chain saw
short rope or webbing lanyard used for securing a chain saw to a climber’s saddle
chain saw lanyard
trousers manufactured with a protective layer designed to slow or stop a chain saw chain (see chaps)
chain saw pants
a tree of great age, size, or condition when compared to trees of the same species grown under the same conditions in the same time frame (see ancient tree and veteran tree)
champion tree
form of leg protection or personal protective equipment (PPE) worn when operating a chain saw, to protect from snake bites, and/or when applying chemicals. Made of various materials, depending on use (see chaps).
chaps
chemical compounds that keep plant nutrients [usually iron (Fe)] soluble and available for plant absorption over a broad range of pH
chelates
control of pests using conventional, manufactured pesticides.
chemical control
plant tissue damage caused by pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators) or other chemicals
chemical injury
a device designed to clasp and hold cable
Chicago grip
equipment used to reduce tree debris into wood chips. There are three classes: brush chippers for branches and very small trees, log chippers for larger branches and trees, and whole tree chippers for large trees. Larger models may be fitted with additional equipment to feed heavy debris.
chipper
green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
specialized organelle found in some cells. Site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
whitish or yellowish leaf discoloration caused by lack of chlorophyll. Often caused by nutrient deficiency.
chlorosis
cutting and removing trunk sections in manageable lengths, which are lifted manually and thrown clear..
chogging
disorder or disease occurring over a long period of time (contrast with acute)
chronic
roots that grow in a circular pattern when a plant is confined in the same container longer than necessary. If not corrected, root pattern will prevent a tree from establishing well when transplanted and will create future problems, such as blow-over or strangulation.
circling roots
in an electric utility system, a network with a closed loop, allowing a return path for the electrical current. Electric utility circuits may include feeders and some primaries.
circuit
an individual specializing in the fields of arboriculture and urban forestry and having responsibility for the management of all or part of planted and naturally occurring greenspaces on public land in communities (see urban forester, municipal arborist< and tree officer).
city forester
taxonomic group below the division level but above the order level.
class
(1) soil particles with a typical grain size less than 0.004 millimeter. (2) a soil predominantly composed of such particles (contrast with sand and silt).
clay