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ISA 2022 > Glossary D > Flashcards

Glossary D Flashcards

1
Q

Measured at 1.4 meters (4.5 feet) above ground in the United States, Australia (arboriculture), New Zealand, and when using the Guide for Plant Appraisal, 9th edition; at 1.3 meters (4.3 feet) above ground in Australia (forestry), Canada, the European Union, and in UK forestry; and at 1.5 meters (5 feet) above ground in UK arboriculture.

A

DBH - acronym for tree diameter at breast height.

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2
Q

Dynamic or static climbing system in which a rope is doubled over a branch and the climber utilizes both parts of the line. Contrast with DRT and SRT.

A

DdRT

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3
Q

a brace formed by threading a lage-threaded screw rod directly into a limb, leader, or trunk but not through the side opposite the installation

A

dead-end brace

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4
Q

cable-termination devices that must be used to terminate extra-high-strength (EHS) tree support system cable to anchor hardware. May also be used with common-grade cable

A

dead-end grips (tree grips)

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5
Q

lag-threaded cable anchor or bracing rod that is screwed directly into an undersized, pre-drilled hole in a tree but does not pass through to the other side. Contrast with through-hardware

A

dead-end hardware

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6
Q

rope sling with a single eye spliced in one end. Also called eye sling, fixed-eye sling, or spliced-eye sling

A

dead-eye sling

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7
Q

removing dead and dying branches from a tree. Outdated term for crown cleaning, which is more comprehensive

A

deadwooding

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8
Q

(1) (noun) an area of wood that is undergoing decomposition. (2) (verb) decomposition of organic tissues by fungi or bacteria.

A

decay

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9
Q

any device used to assess the presence (and often extent) of hidden internal decay

A

decay detection device

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10
Q

tree or other plant that sheds all of its leaves according to a genetically scheduled cycle as impacted by climate factors (usually during the cold season in temperate zones). Contrast with evergreen.

A

deciduous

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11
Q

gradually diminishing health or condition of a tree

A

decline

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12
Q

rounded or spreading growth habit of the tree crown. Contrast with excurrent

A

decurrent

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13
Q

an imperfection, weakness, or lack of something necessary. In trees, defects are injuries, growth patterns, decay, or other conditions that may reduce the tree’s structural strength.

A

defect

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14
Q

pertaining to plant nutrition, lack or insufficient quantity of a required element.

A

deficiency

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15
Q

loss of leaves from a tree or other plant by biological or mechanical means

A

defoliation

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16
Q

the difference between the daily average temperature and a given temperature base

A

degree day

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17
Q

splitting apart. Describes the release of seed capsules at maturity.

A

dehiscent

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18
Q

process of reducing nitrates to nitrogen gases

A

denitrification

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19
Q

having serrations (teeth) perpendicular to the leaf margin and not pointed forward. Compare to serrate.

A

dentate

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20
Q

device used to control friction when descending a climbing line. Contrast with ascender

A

descender

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21
Q

severe drying out. Dehydration.

A

desiccation

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22
Q

(1) aspects of the landscape or site and the required functions to be served by the plant that must be considered in plant selection. (2) factors considered in the design of equipment.

A

design criteria

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23
Q

factor by which the rated or minimum breaking strength of a rope or piece of equipment is divided in determining its working-load limit.

A

design factor

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24
Q

development to a point characterized by a fixed number of leaves or other lateral organs. Contrast with indeterminate growth

A

determinate growth

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25
Q

process of identifying a disorder by analyzing signs, symptoms, site conditions, patterns, climate, cultural history, and other factors to determine the causative agent(s)

A

diagnosis

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26
Q

plant with two cotyledons in its embryo; netted or palmate leaf veins; and flowers with three, four, or five petals, or petals in multiples of these numbers. Contrast with monocotyledon.

A

dicotyledon

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27
Q

condition in which the branches in the tree crown die from the tips toward the center.

A

dieback

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28
Q

insulating (nonconducting) material

A

dielectric

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29
Q

process in the development of cells in which they become specialized for various functions..

A

differentiation

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30
Q

pattern of wood development in which the vessels and vessel sizes are distributed evenly throughout the growth ring. Contrast with ring porous

A

diffuse porous

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31
Q

a national consensus standards-setting body in Germany.

A

DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung

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32
Q

in Germany, standard that deals with plants and planting in the landscape industry….
in Germany, standard that deals with development and maintenance of green areas….
in Germany, standard that deals with the protection of trees on construction sites.

A

DIN 18916
DIN 18919
DIN 18920

33
Q

species of plants in which male and female flowers are on separate plants. Contrast with monoecious

A

dioecious

34
Q

simple tree cabling system joining two branches or leaders with a single cable. Contrast with box cable system and triangular cable system

A

direct cable system

35
Q

any part of the body touching an energized conductor

A

direct contact

36
Q

providing clearance by pruning branches that could significantly affect the integrity of utility facilities or other structures, and leaving in place branches that could have little or no effect

A

directional pruning

37
Q

wood response of a tree to microorganisms, including bacteria and non-decay-causing fungi, resulting in dead, darkened wood that may be reduced in strength.

A

discoloration

38
Q

condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Usually associated with infectious agents.

A

disease

39
Q

combination of factors contributing to the stress or decline of a tree.

A

disease complex

40
Q

abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Usually associated with noninfectious agents.

A

disorder

41
Q

type of friction hitch used in climbing and rigging.

A

Distel

42
Q

electric supply lines in a distribution network that carry power from substations to end users. Voltages are generally between 2,400 and 34,500 volts.

A

distribution lines

43
Q

portion of the electric supply system that delivers electricity to end users. Includes distribution substations, feeders, primaries, distribution transformers, secondaries, and service lines

A

distribution network

44
Q

portion of the transmission and facilities of an electric system that is dedicated to delivering electric energy to an end user.

A

distribution system

45
Q

electrical devices that step down primary distribution voltage to secondary voltage supplied to end users.

A

distribution transformers

46
Q

taxonomic group below the kingdom level but above the class level.

A

division phylum

47
Q

the one stem that grows much larger than all other stems and branches; at least one-third larger than lateral branches nearby.

A

dominant leader

48
Q

period of naturally reduced physiological activity in the organs of a plant with the potential for reactivation of growth

A

dormancy

49
Q

bud originally developed in a leaf axil and connected to the pith by a bud trace that has not been stimulated to mature and grow. Some buds remain dormant throughout the life of a woody plant…

A

dormant bud

50
Q

rope construction consisting of a braided rope within a braided rope, both of which carry part of the load.

A

double braid

51
Q

technique consisting of tying one climbing line or two climbing lines into two places in a tree

A

double crotch

52
Q

figure-eight knot tied with a double strand of rope.

A

double figure-eight knot

53
Q

in arboriculture, the name used for a knot that is commonly used to join two ropes or two ends of the same rope, as when forming a Prusik loop. Grapevine knot

A

double fisherman’s bend

54
Q

two half hitches tied in a series

A

double half hitch

55
Q

technique consisting of securing a tree section with two load lines in rigging….

A

double hitch

56
Q

toothed margin of a leaf, with smaller teeth within the teeth

A

double serrate

57
Q

pertaining to a carabiner, requiring two distinct motions to prepare the gate to open.

A

double-locking

58
Q

white, fungal-like growth that develops during wet periods, usually on the underside of a leaf

A

downy mildew

59
Q

variation on the load-transfer technique in which the load is transferred to a second line and moved to another point, often to a second tree

A

drift line

60
Q

applying fertilizer by drilling holes in the soil within the root zone. Contrast with broadcast fertilization and liquid fertilization

A

drill-hole fertilization

61
Q

D-shaped metal rings on a climber’s saddle for attaching ropes and snaps.

A

D-rings

62
Q

method of minimizing evaporation and runoff by applying small amounts of water through small emitters….

A

drip irrigation

63
Q

imaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants.

A

drip line

64
Q

branch-removal technique consisting of an undercut and then a top cut, usually made farther out on the branch, or with a chain saw, directly over the undercut.

A

drop cut

65
Q

rope used to secure the weight of a limb in rigging; load line.

A

drop line

66
Q

technique used to start a chain saw by pushing the saw away from the body and simultaneously pulling the start cord.

A

drop start

67
Q

predetermined area where cut branches or wood sections will be dropped or lowered from a tree. See landing zone

A

drop zone

68
Q

(obsolete) term for a method of reducing the height of a tree. The general rule for cuts is that leaders should be cut back to a lateral capable of assuming apical dominance, if possible, usually at least one-third the diameter of the leader. See reduction.

A

drop-crotch pruning

69
Q

period of unusually low precipitation

A

drought

70
Q

Climbing system in which two separate ropes and two separate anchor points are utilized. Contrast with DdRT and SRT..

A

DRT - double rope technique.

71
Q

method of tying the root ball of a balled-and-burlapped tree for moving

A

drum lace

72
Q

stony seed inside a fleshy covering (for example, cherry and peach).

A

drupe

73
Q

drought adaptation of acclimated plants that become dormant during the dry season

A

dry season dormancy

74
Q

legal obligation that requires an individual to apply reasonable actions when performing tasks that may potentially harm others

A

duty of care

75
Q

any of several cabling systems that utilize nonrigid materials (usually rope of various constructions and elasticity) for tree support systems.

A

dynamic cable system

76
Q

forces created by a moving load. Load that changes with time and motion. Contrast with static load

A

dynamic load

77
Q

study of how objects move under the action of forces.

A

dynamics

78
Q

instrument for measuring mechanical force or power

A

dynamometer

ISA 2022 (13 decks)

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