Global Systems

Question 1

Globalisation causes interdependence

Answer 1

Economic- countries rely on each other for economic growth E.g oil is produced by one group of countries and consumed by another group of countries

Political- countries are dependent on each other to solve issues that cannot be addressed by just one country e.g in 2015-16 European migrant crisis, European countries had to work together to support refugees from the conflict in Syria

Social- great connections between people living in different countries create social interdependence between the countries

Environment- every country in the world is dependant oh the rest of the world to look after the environment e.g the nuclear plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded. This lead to an increase in cancers and birth defects in Ukraine, Russia and Belarus

Question 2

UK- location

Answer 2

. Western Europe
. One international border with Rep Island

Question 3

UK- development indicators (4)

Answer 3

. Life expectancy at birth- 81 years
. Literacy rate: 95%
. GNI per capita: £42370
. governance/ political issues: a stable and globally respected constitution

Question 4

UK- colonial history

Answer 4

. British Empire- Head of the Empire ( all colonies were used to serve the needs to Britain
. Lost African colonies post WW2

Question 5

UK- International organisations (4)

Answer 5

. Common wealth- head of common wealth and key player in helping settle disagreements between member states

. United Nations- a permanent seat on the security council with right of veto

. NATO- one of the biggest spenders exceeds the 2% of GDP guidance

. European Union- joined in 1973 enjoying the economic benefits of Eu single market until leaving the Eu in 2020

Question 6

UK- Trade- movement of goods and money

Answer 6

. service industries- law, finance and retail ( London is the financial capital of the world accounting for 22% of UK GDP

. excellent international links- Heathrow Airport 2nd largest international airport hub

. Foreign direct investment ( FDI )- safe place to invest ( Uk car industry )- e.g Nissan, Sunderland, Toyota, Derby and Honda Swindon to avoid EU tariffs

Question 7

UK- Migration- movement of people

Answer 7

. International migration- 2016 EU net migration was 189000 many from Eastern Eu States-

. Brain gain- health professionals for NHS -About half of the UK doctors trained overseas

Question 8

Technology- movement of ideas and technology

Answer 8

. over 90% of households in the UK have internet access
. 2010 investment in the UK reached £10 billion beating US and China
. Green energy agenda- Boris Johnson « Saudi Arabia of wind»

Question 9

Uganda location

Answer 9

. Central Africa
. Landlocked bordered by DR Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, South Sudan

Question 10

Uganda- development issues

Answer 10

. Life expectancy at birth: 63 yrs
. Literacy rate : 77%
. GNI per capita: $ 780
. Governance/ political stability: high levels of corruption.
- Long serving president Museveni scrapped presidential term limits

Question 11

Uganda- colonial history

Answer 11

. British colony in 1894.
. low value primary products - cotton, coffee and tea
. Independence(1962)-followed years of political instability and civil war- military coup in 1971

Question 12

Uganda- International organisation

Answer 12

. African Union- Moto ‘Towards a peaceful, prosperous and integrated Africa’ big focus on peace and stability

. Commonwealth- Active member and takes part in commonwealth games

. United Nations- ugandan peacekeeping troops to regional conflicts e.g DR Congo

Question 13

Uganda- trade- movement of goods and money

Answer 13

. Goods and services- a primary decontrol economy- main exports coffee, fish, gold, cotton etc

. Transport- landlocked - making international trade difficult ( 95% of countries goods by road but only 17% tarmacked

. FDI- in 2013 China overtook UK as most important trading partner. China’s state owned oil company won contract to develop large oil field in Uganda

Question 14

Uganda- Migration- movement of people

Answer 14

. International migration- regional conflict and instability has led to large number of refugees flooding into Uganda ( 2016 saw largest number of refugees than any other country including 500,000 from South Sudan

. Brain drain- many health professionals have left- doctors strike demanding better pay

Question 15

Technology- movement of ideas and technology

Answer 15

. 25% access of internet
. 16% of adults own a smart phone

Question 16

Global governance

Answer 16

Rules and organisations aim at making sure every government negotiate fairly

Question 17

International Laws

Answer 17

Rules that are established by countries through international agreements ( cover human rights and labour standards )

Question 18

Norms

Answer 18

Accepted standards of behaviour ( negative consequences for countries who don’t follow them)

E.g people have right to freedom of speech- restricting this right May face international condemnation

Question 19

Institutions

Answer 19

Political and legal organisations ( enforce laws )

E.g ( World Trade Organisation, United Nations, International Criminal Court)

Question 20

Growth and stability

Answer 20

. Laws and norms create greater stability because countries know how other countries are likely to react to a situation, making conflict less likely

. World Trade Organisation ( WTO) - aims to increase global trade through common rules- more trade leads to economic growth and rules make trade more predictable, increasing stability

Question 21

Problems!!!!!!!

Answer 21

. Countries sign up to international laws and institutions voluntarily- if a country doesn’t sign or approve a particular treaty, then they are not bound by the laws the treaty sets

. Some people think that global institutions act for political reasons- some use the International Criminal Court to remove people they want in power in African Nations

Question 22

UN Growth and Stability

Answer 22

. Growth- The UN Millennium Development Goals have helped reduce the number of people living in poverty and increase number of people in primary school

. Stability- UN peacekeeping mission can help end wars e.g peaceful elections were held at Côte d’Ivoire in 2015 after years of civil war

Question 23

UN inequality and injustice

Answer 23

. Developed countries hold the most power over decisions taken at the UN. Many global issues tackled by the UN affect African countries the most e.g no African country has a permanent seat at the Security council ( no control)

. Injustices- at times, the UN can be Ineffective E.g. in 1995, UN peacekeepers failed to protect 8000 people in Srebrenica in south east Europe when they were massacred by Bosnian Serbs

Question 24

Interactions

Answer 24

Global- UN
International- EU
National- UK Parliament
Regional- Scottish Parliament
Local- local councils

Question 25

Integrations with variety of scale

Answer 25

2015- UN passed the Paris Climate change agreement ( COP). Institutions from international to local scale had to change their policies with new agreement

Decisions at the local or regional level can affect institutions at the global scale e.g in 2016, a regional government in Wallonia, Belgium temporarily blocked a trade deal between EU and Canada