GI9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of Hernias?

A

Diaphragmatic
Indirect inguinal
Direct inguinal
Femoral

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2
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

most common Diaphragmatic hernia

Stomach herniates upward through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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3
Q

What is a paraesophageal hernia?

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

Gastro-Esophageal junction is normal.

Fundus protrudes into thorax

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4
Q

What is the path of an Indirect inguinal hernia?

A

1-INternal (deep) inguinal ring,
2-External (superficial) inguinal ring.
3-Scrotum

*Follows the path of descent of the testes

Enters inguinal ring LATERAL to Inferior epigastric a.

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5
Q

T/F - Indirect inguinal hernia is covered by all 3 layers of spermatic fascia.

A

True

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6
Q

What is the embryological cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Failure of the Processus Vaginalis to close

*More common in males

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7
Q

Direct inguinal hernia.

A
  • Protrudes through inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle
  • Goes through External (superficial) inguinal ring ONLY
  • Bulges directly through abdominal wall MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery
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8
Q

Direct inguinal hernias are more common in who?

A

older men

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9
Q

What is the relationship of Direct & Indirect inguinal hernias to the Inferior Epigastric A.?

A

“MDs don’t LIe”

Medial to inferior epigastric = Direct
Lateral to inferior epigastric = Indirect

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10
Q

Femoral hernia.

A

Protrudes below inguinal ligament through femoral canal below and lateral to pubic tubercle.

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11
Q

T/F - Femoral hernias are more common in females.

A

true

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12
Q

Femoral hernias are the leading cause of what?

A

Bowel Incarceration

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13
Q

What are the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A
  • Inferior Epigastric vessels
  • Lateral border of Rectus Abdominis
  • Inguinal ligament
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14
Q

Direct inguinal hernias are covered by what layers of spermatic fascia?

A

External Spermatic fascia

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