GI9 Flashcards
What are the types of Hernias?
Diaphragmatic
Indirect inguinal
Direct inguinal
Femoral
What is a hiatal hernia?
most common Diaphragmatic hernia
Stomach herniates upward through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
What is a paraesophageal hernia?
Diaphragmatic hernia
Gastro-Esophageal junction is normal.
Fundus protrudes into thorax
What is the path of an Indirect inguinal hernia?
1-INternal (deep) inguinal ring,
2-External (superficial) inguinal ring.
3-Scrotum
*Follows the path of descent of the testes
Enters inguinal ring LATERAL to Inferior epigastric a.
T/F - Indirect inguinal hernia is covered by all 3 layers of spermatic fascia.
True
What is the embryological cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?
Failure of the Processus Vaginalis to close
*More common in males
Direct inguinal hernia.
- Protrudes through inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle
- Goes through External (superficial) inguinal ring ONLY
- Bulges directly through abdominal wall MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery
Direct inguinal hernias are more common in who?
older men
What is the relationship of Direct & Indirect inguinal hernias to the Inferior Epigastric A.?
“MDs don’t LIe”
Medial to inferior epigastric = Direct
Lateral to inferior epigastric = Indirect
Femoral hernia.
Protrudes below inguinal ligament through femoral canal below and lateral to pubic tubercle.
T/F - Femoral hernias are more common in females.
true
Femoral hernias are the leading cause of what?
Bowel Incarceration
What are the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle?
- Inferior Epigastric vessels
- Lateral border of Rectus Abdominis
- Inguinal ligament
Direct inguinal hernias are covered by what layers of spermatic fascia?
External Spermatic fascia
