GI21 Flashcards
1
Q
Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Hepatoma:
- General
A
Most common 1˚ malignant tumor of liver in adults
2
Q
Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Hepatoma:
- increased risk associations
A
- Hepatitis B & C
- WIlson’s disease
- Hemochromatosis
- a1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Alcoholic cirrhosis
- Carcinogens (i.e., Aflatoxins from Aspergillus)
3
Q
Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Hepatoma:
- Findings
A
- Jaundice
- Tender hepatomegaly
- Ascites
- Polycythemia
- Hypoglycemia
- INcreased Prothrombin Time (PTT) d/t DEcrease in Vit. K dependent clotting factors
- INcreased a-fetoprotein
4
Q
Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Hepatoma:
- May lead to
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome
5
Q
Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Hepatoma:
- Metastasis (spread)
A
Hematogenous dissemination
6
Q
Carvernous hemangioma.
A
- Common
- Benign
- 30-50 y.o
- Biopsy CONTRAINDICATED (risk of hemorrhage)
7
Q
Hepatic adenoma.
A
- Benign
- Oral contraceptives
- Steroid use
- May regress spontaneously
8
Q
Angiosarcoma.
A
- Malignant tumor of Endothelial origin
- Exposure to - Arsenic or PVC
9
Q
Nutmeg Liver.
A
- Backup of blood into liver
- Causes: Right-sided HF, Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Chronic: Centrilobular congestion and necrosis
- Cardiac cirrhosis
10
Q
Budd-Chiari syndrome.
A
- Occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
- Centrilobular congestion and necrosis
- Leads to congestive liver disease (hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain, eventual liver failure)
- Absence of JVD
- Associated with: Hypercoagulable state, Polycythemia vera, Pregnancy, Hepatocellular carcinoma
11
Q
a1-antitrypsin deficiency - Liver.
A
1-Misfolded gene product protein aggreates in hepatocellular ER
2-Cirrhosis w/ PAS-positive globules in liver
*Codominant trait
12
Q
a1-antitrypsin deficiency - Lung.
A
1-Lack of functioning enzyme
2-DEcrease elastic tissue
3-Panacinar emphysema
*Codominant trait
