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FA - GastroIntestinal > GI13 > Flashcards

GI13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

Failure of relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) due to loss of Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus.

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2
Q

What do you see on a barium swallow in a patient with Achalasia?

A

“Birds beak”

Dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis

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3
Q

Achalasia is associated with an increased risk of what cancer?

A

Esophageal SCC

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4
Q

Secondary Achalasia is associated with what?

A

Chagas’ disease

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5
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

A
  • Presents as heartburn and regurgitation upon laying down
  • May present with nocturnal cough, dyspnea
  • Adult-onset asthma
  • DECREASE in LES tone
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6
Q

Esophageal varices.

A
  • PAINLESS bleeding
  • Dilated submucosal veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus
  • Secondary to Portal HTN
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7
Q

Esophagitis.

A

Associated with:

  • Reflux
  • Infection
  • Chemical ingestion
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8
Q

Esophagitis:

-Candida

A

White pseudomembrane

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9
Q

Esophagitis:

-HSV-1

A

Punched-out ulcers

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10
Q

Esophagitis:

-CMV

A

Linear ulcers

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11
Q

Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

A

Mucosal lacerations at the GastroEsophageal junction d/t VOMITING

  • leads to hematemesis
  • Seen in Alcoholics and Bulimics
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12
Q

BoerHaave Syndrome.

A

Transmural esophageal rupture d/t VIOLENT retching.

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13
Q

Esophageal strictures.

A

Associated with lye ingestion and acid reflux

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14
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

A

Triad:

  • Dysphagia (d/t esophageal webs)
  • Glossitis
  • Iron deficiency anemia
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15
Q

Barrett’s esophagus.

A

Glandular metaplasia
-replacement of nonkeratinized (stratified) squamous epithelium with intestinal (nonciliated columnar) epithelium in the distal esophagus

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16
Q

What causes Barrett’s esophagus?

A

Chronic GERD

17
Q

What is Barrett’s esophagus associated with?

A
  • Esophagitis
  • Esophageal ulcers
  • Increased risk of esophageal Adenocarcinoma
18
Q

What are the risk factors for Esophageal cancer?

A 
"AABCDEFFGH"
Achalasia - SCC
Alcohol - Adeno
Barrett's - Adeno
Ciggys - Both
DIverticula - SCC
Esophageal web - SCC
Familial
Fat - Adeno
GERD - Adeno
Hot liquids - SCC
19
Q

Where do you typically see SCC of the esophagus?

A

Upper 2/3

*Most common WORLD WIDE

20
Q

Where do you typically see Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?

A

Lower 1/3

*Most common in UNITED STATES

FA - GastroIntestinal (25 decks)

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