GI19 Flashcards
1
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology
A
- 3rd most common cancer
- 3rd most deadly in U.S.
- Pt. > 50 y/o
- 25% have family history
2
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Genetic types
A
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- Gardner’s syndrome
- Turcot’s syndrome
- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC/Lynch syndrome)
3
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Additional Risks
A
- Irritable bowel
- Tobacco
- Large villous adenomas
- Juvenile polyposis syndrome
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
4
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Locations
A
1-Rectosigmoid
2-Ascending
3-Descending
5
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Presentation
- Ascending
A
- Exophytic mass
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Weight loss
6
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Presentation
- Descending
A
- Infiltrating mass
- Partial obstruction
- Colicky pain
- Hematochezia
7
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Screening
A
Patients > 50 y/o
- Colonoscopy or
- Occult blood test
8
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Barium Enema X-ray
A
“Apple core” lesion
9
Q
Colorectal Cancer: Tumor marker
A
CEA tumor marker:
- Good for monitoring recurrence
- NOT useful for screening
10
Q
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP).
A
- Autosomal-Dominant
- APC gene mutation
- Chr 5
- 2-hit hypothesis
- 100% progress to CRC
- Thousands of polyps
- Pancolonic
- Always involves rectum
11
Q
Gardner’s syndrome.
A
- FAP + Osseous and Soft tissue tumors
- Congenttal hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
12
Q
Turcot’s syndrome.
A
-FAP + malignant CNS tumor
“TURcot = TURban”
13
Q
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC/Lynch syndrome).
A
- Autosomal-Dominant
- DNA mismatch repair gene
- 80% progress to CRC
- Proximal colon always involved
14
Q
APC gene mutation.
A
FAP
15
Q
FAP + Osseous and Soft tissue tumors.
A
Gardner’s syndrome
