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Histo Block 3 > GI tract I > Flashcards

GI tract I Flashcards

1
Q

define upper vs lower GI tracts

A

upper- mouth, esophagus, stomach

lower- small and large intestine

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2
Q

what epithelium composes the external lip?

A

stratified squamous keratinized with hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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3
Q

what epithelium composes the vermillion border?

A

stratified squamous keratinized, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

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4
Q

what epithelium composes the internal lip?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

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5
Q

what gives the vermillion border its red appearance?

A

high dermal papillae allow for capillaries to be very close to the skin

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6
Q

where are minor salivary glands located in the internal lip?

A

submucosal layer

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7
Q

what epithelium composes the oral cavity?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

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8
Q

what is perakeratosis?

A

nuclei retained to the top layer

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9
Q

why is it useful to know that the inferior oral mucosa is thinner than the rest?

A

good site for drug absorption

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10
Q

which tissue types in the mouth have different epithelium? different lamina propria?

A

gingiva and hard palate are keratinized d/t high mechanical stress; dense CT in lamina propria

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11
Q

what is the composition of the lamina propria for most of the mouth?

A

loose CT

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12
Q

where are the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity located?

A

submucosa

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13
Q

what layer is notably absent in the gingiva and hard palate?

A

submucosa- in these layers, the mucosa is attached directly to the underlying periosteum

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14
Q

describe the skeletal mm configuration of the tongue

A

3 planes of skeletal mm, extrinsic and intrinsic layers, adipose tissue interspersed

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15
Q

describe the ventral surface of the tongue

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, lamina propria present, submucosa absent

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16
Q

describe the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

stratified squamous keratinized, has sulcus terminalis (V-shaped)

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17
Q

what lies at the point of the sulcus terminals?

A

foramen cecum

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18
Q

what are the lingual papillae?

A

broad term for elevations that contain taste buds, many types

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19
Q

describe filliform papillae

A 
most numerous and smallest
anterior tongue
highly keratinized 
no taste buds
primary role is pushing food back
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20
Q

describe fungiform papillae

A

mushroom shape
thin keratin
taste buds dorsally

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21
Q

describe circumvallate papillae

A

8-12 total anterior to sulcus terminalis
slightly keratinized
taste buds laterally
house von ebner’s glands

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22
Q

what are von ebner’s glands?

A

lingual salivary glands

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23
Q

describe foliate papillae

A 
poorly developed in humans
non-keratinized
on lateral tongue
taste buds laterally
house von ebner's glands
24
Q

where are taste buds located?

A

lingual papillae: fungiform, circumvallate and foliate; soft palate, pharynx, epiglottis

25
Q

describe taste bud structure

A

taste pore opens at apex

26
Q

what are the 3 general cell types in taste buds?

A

neuroepithelial, supporting cells, basal cells

27
Q

which CNs supply taste?

A

CN VII, IX, X

28
Q

what supplies general sensation to the tongue?

A

CN V

29
Q

how is the “crown” of the tooth defined?

A

clinically- above gingiva

anatomically- covered by enamel

30
Q

what is the root of the tooth?

A

below the crown, houses pulp cavity and root cavity

31
Q

what is contained in the pulp cavity?

A

CT, blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

what type of bone is present in dental sockets?

A

immature/woven bone that can be remodeled (orthodontics)

33
Q

what is the structure of the periodontal ligament?

A

dense collagenous CT binding the root of the tooth (dentin) to the alveolar bone periosteum

34
Q

describe enamel

A

acellular, mineralized tissue formed with hydroxyapetite, strongest substance in body, no collagen

35
Q

what produces enamel?

A

ameloblasts

36
Q

describe cementum

A

mineral and bone-like
avascular
covers the root

37
Q

what produces cementum?

A

cementocytes

38
Q

describe dentin

A

hydroxyapetite and type I collagen
bulk of the tooth
located deep to enamel and cementum layers

39
Q

what produces dentin?

A

odontoblasts

40
Q

describe the components of “mucosa”

A
  • epithelium with basal lamina
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosa- smooth mm
41
Q

describe the submucosa

A

typically dense, irregular CT with blood/lymph, nerves

42
Q

describe the muscularis externa

A

2 layers

  • inner circumferential
  • outer longitudinal
43
Q

describe serosa/adventitia

A

-mesothelium - simple squamous epithelium

plus CT

44
Q

differentiate serosa and adventitia

A

called adventitia when the layer of CT is connected to adjacent structures in the body

45
Q

what is the intrinsic innervation of the GI tract?

A

meissners plexus, Auerbach’s plexus

46
Q

what is the extrinsic innervation of the GI tract?

A

Autonomic (symp, parasymp)

47
Q

where is Meissner’s plexus located? function?

A

submucosa; GI secretion

48
Q

where is Auerbach’s plexus located? function?

A

between the inner and outer layers of the muscular is externa; motor innervation

49
Q

what is the epithelium present in the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

50
Q

what is present in the lamina propria of the esophagus?

A

esophageal cardiac glands, lymph tissue

51
Q

what do esophageal cardiac glands secrete?

A

neutral mucus

52
Q

what is special about the muscularis mucosa of the esophagus?

A

has longitudinal orientation only

53
Q

what is present in the submucosa of the esophagus?

A

dense irregular CT with esophageal glands

54
Q

what do esophageal glands secrete?

A

lightly acidic mucus for lubrication

55
Q

what is the arrangement of mm in the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

A

upper 1/3- all skeletal
mid 1/3- mix of skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3- all smooth

56
Q

what is the innervation of von ebner’s glands?

A

parasympathetic

mediated through CN IX

57
Q

how can the lamina propria be differentiated from the other layers and sublayers?

A

interdigitates with luminal epithelium, rests on thin smooth mm band (muscularis mucosa)

Histo Block 3 (11 decks)

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