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Histo Block 3 > circulatory review deck > Flashcards

circulatory review deck Flashcards

1
Q

what stains aquamarine in trichrome stain?

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

which part of the heart has a thicker endocardium?

A

atria

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3
Q

what are the 3 layers of the endocardium?

A
  • endothelium + sub endothelium
  • middle muscular layer
  • deep subendocardial layer
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4
Q

what is found in the subendocardial layer of the heart?

A

conducting system (purkinje fibers)

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5
Q

what is the origin of purkinje fibers?

A

muscular

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6
Q

describe continuous capillaries, where are they found?

A

connected with occluding junction, in nervous tissue, muscle and lung

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7
Q

describe fenestrated capillaries, where are they found?

A

basal lamina is continuous but there are gaps between cells, in kidney, GI, GU

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8
Q

describe discontinuous/sinusoidal capillaries, where are they found?

A

gaps between cells, incomplete basement membrane, found in liver, spleen, bone marrow and LN medulla

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9
Q

between arteries and veins, which typically has thicker tunica adventitia?

A

veins

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10
Q

what is unique about the tunica adventitia in vena cava?

A

has longitudinal smooth mm layer that contracts to help blood return to heart

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11
Q

what would an anatomist call epicardium?

A

visceral pericardium

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12
Q

describe the structure of a semilunar valve

A

endothelium on the outside with dense CT core

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13
Q

describe the fxn of elastic fibers in elastic arteries in terms of systole and diastole

A

during systole- heart contracts and expands the walls of the elastic arteries, PE is stores, during diastole- heart relaxes, the PE stored in elastic fibers is converted to kinetic energy to ensure maintenance of pressure in the vessel

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14
Q

how many smooth mm layers in arterioles? small arteries?

A

arterioles- 1-3 layers

small arteries- up to 8 layers

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15
Q

what is the composition of capillaries?

A

almost entirely tunica intima with endothelium and basal lamina

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16
Q

describe the actions of AV shunts

A

capable of diverting blood away from capillaries, straight from arteriole to venule
arteriole constricts- blood to capillary bed
arteriole relaxes- blood to venule
used in thermoregulation and to cause erection

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17
Q

how do AV shunts thermoregulate? erections?

A

thermoregulation- arterioles constrict- blood goes to cap bed- heat lost
erection- arterioles constrict- blood goes to cap beds- erection

18
Q

from where are venous valves derived?

A

tunica intima

19
Q

describe the progression from larger to smaller arteriole

A

progressive loss of IEL
decreased in smooth mm layers
decreased TA that will blend into surroundings

20
Q

what are pericytes?

A

contractile cells surrounding capillaries, also called rouget cells

21
Q

why do lymphatic capillaries have wider lumens?

A

lack pericytes, lack basement membrane

22
Q

where are purkinje fibers found?

A

subendocardial layer of the endocardium

23
Q

describe the mesothelium of the epicardium

A

then layer of squamous cells, lines outer surface, covers serous membrane, secretes lubricating fluid

24
Q

what are most of the named arteries in the body?

A

muscular arteries

25
Q

what are the cellular and acellular parts of the tunica adventitia?

A

cellular- fibroblasts, macrophages

acellular- collagen, elastin

26
Q

what is the arrangement of elastin in elastic arteries?

A

lamella with fenestrations, increase with age and BP

27
Q

what is the arrangement of smooth mm in the tunica media?

A

spiral

28
Q

describe the variability of arteriole diameter

A

can dilate 60-100%, can constrict up to 40%

29
Q

what is macro circulation?

A

vessels that distribute blood to and from and organ

30
Q

what is micro circulation? components?

A

vessels that distribute substances to cells within an organ; capillaries, arterioles, lymphatics

31
Q

what is the smallest venule?

A

postcapillary venule

32
Q

what is unique about post capillary venules?

A

they are reactive to vasoactive substances (serotonin and histamine) and allow for extravasation of fluid and WBCs

33
Q

what are most veins in the body?

A

medium veins

34
Q

what composes IEL and EEL?

A

elastic fibers

35
Q

where is the myocardium most prominent?

A

left ventricle

36
Q

what controls BP?

A

arterioles

37
Q

how do nutrients reach the inner arterial wall from the lumen?

A

pinocytosis

38
Q

where is the vaso vasorum and nervi vascularis?

A

tunica adventitia

39
Q

where are the coronary vessels located?

A

epicardium

40
Q

which layer has proteoglycans?

A

tunica media

41
Q

what layer is the IEL part of? EEL?

A

IEL- tunica intima

EEL- tunica media

Histo Block 3 (11 decks)

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