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Histo Block 3 > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the general tissue types for epidermis, dermis and hypodermis?

A

epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium
dermis- CT
hypodermis- adipose

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2
Q

what are the embryologic origins of the epidermis, dermis?

A

epidermis- ectoderm

dermis- mesoderm

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3
Q

where are the blood vessels, nerves, appendages found?

A

dermis

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4
Q

where is thick skin found?

A

fingertips, palms, soles

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5
Q

what are the epidermal layers in thick skin?

A 
basale
spinosum
granulosum
lucidium
corneum
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6
Q

what are the epidermal layers in thin skin?

A

basale
spinosum
granulosum
corneum

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7
Q

are hair follicles present in thick skin?

A

not present in thick skin, only in thin skin

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8
Q

what are the 2 types of sweat glands? what do they secrete?

A

eccrine- clear

apocrine- cloudy/odorous

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9
Q

what are the cell types in the epidermis from most to least numerous? roles?

A

keratinocytes- produce keratin
melanocytes- produce melanin
langerhan cells- APCs
merkel cells - nerve endings

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10
Q

which layers make up the malpighian layer?

A

stratum basale and spinosum

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11
Q

what is meant by “germinativum”?

A

ability to amplify, divide and differentiate

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12
Q

what causes pemphigus?

A

autoimmune destruction of desmoglein (desmosome attachments), results in erosions/ulcerations

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13
Q

what is contained in the keratohylain granules?

A

profilaggrin, loracrin, involucrin, cornifin – all in the stratum granulosum

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14
Q

what are lamellar bodies?

A

impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function

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15
Q

what composes the stratum corneum?

A

stacks of a nucleate corneocytes surrounded by lipid-rich membranes , contain keratin and filaggrin

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16
Q

what are the substances that keratinocytes produce? (5)

A

cytokines, prostaglandins, antioxidants, platelet/fibroblast stimulating factors, vit D3

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17
Q

what is ichthyosis?

A

genetic defect in the ability to shed stratum corneum

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18
Q

what layers are SCC/BCC derived?

A

BCC- S. basale
SCC- s. spinosum
(keratinocyte carcinomas)

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19
Q

what is the embryologic origin of melanocytes?

A

neural crest cells

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20
Q

what is the shape of melanocytes?

A

with special stains, appear as dendritic cells. on H+E, look like a “hole”

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21
Q

where are melanocytes located?

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

how is melanin formed?

A

from tyrosine under the action of tyrosinase (tyrosine –> dihydroxyphenylalanine –> dopoaquinone)

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23
Q

what are the 2 forms of melanin?

A

eumelanin- brown/black

phaeomelanin- yellow/red

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24
Q

what causes albanism?

A

tyrosinase def

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25
Q

how is melanin secreted?

A

from melanocytes, in melanosomes via cytocrine secretion

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26
Q

what is cytocrine secretion?

A

part is bitten off and engulfed by adjacent cells

27
Q

what influences the actions of our melanocytes?

A

everyone has the same number of melanocytes, their production of melanin is influenced by genetics, medications, exposures

28
Q

what are the actions of melanin?

A

absorb UV light, protect DNA in basal cells

29
Q

what is the result of UV tanning?

A

increased eumelanin in epidermis, darkening of melanosomes, photoprotection

30
Q

where are langerhan cells derived?

A

bone marrow

31
Q

what is the function of langerhan cells?

A

APCs, capture antigen, move to dermis then LN, clone of sensitized T-cells produced

32
Q

what occurs with re-exposure in the skin?

A

inflammatory response (delayed hypersensitivity), acute contact dermatitis

33
Q

what is contained in Merkel cells?

A

neurosecretory granules

34
Q

what is the basement membrane of skin?

A

hemidesmosomes attach basal cell to dermis

35
Q

what is epidermolysis bullosa?

A

seen in children with defect in basement membrane, will have blistering

36
Q

what composes the dermis? (4)

A

collagen (I and III), elastic fibers, GAGs, resident cells (FAMM)

37
Q

where is the superficial plexus of blood vessels located? deep?

A

superficial- in the dermal ridges

deep- subcutaneous tissue

38
Q

which glands are attached to hair follicle?

A

apocrine glands and sebaceous glands

39
Q

what composes the “pilosebaceous unit”?

A

hair follicle, sebaceous gland, apocrine gland

40
Q

what are the phases of hair growth?

A

anagen
catagen
telogen

41
Q

what stimulates sebaceous glands? inhibits?

A

androgens; estrogens

42
Q

where are sebaceous glands most prominent?

A

on the face

43
Q

describe eecrine glands

A

produce isotonic secretion, merocrine secretion, opens to skin surface

44
Q

how do eecrine glands look on H+E (ducts and secretory unit)?

A

secretory- light

ducts- dark

45
Q

define the types of secretion for sebaceous/eecrine/apocrine glands

A

sebaceous- holocrine
eecrine- merocrine
aporcrine-merocrine

46
Q

which sweat glands are reap for odor?

A

apocrine

47
Q

what are the 2 types of nerves in the skin?

A

meissners and pacinian

48
Q

where are meissners’s corpuscles located? function?

A

dermal ridges

light touch

49
Q

where are pacinian’s corpuscles located? function?

A

hypodermis

deep pressure, vibratory sense

50
Q

what substance composes the nail plate?

A

keratin

51
Q

from where are langerhan’s cells derived?

A

bone marrow- derived from monocytes

52
Q

what directly underlies the stratum basale? what attaches it to this structure?

A

basement membrane by hemidesmosomes

53
Q

what skin layers make up the hair complex?

A

epidermis- external root sheath
basal lamina- glassy membrane
papillary dermis- connective tissue sheath

54
Q

what are also called “Prickle Cells”?

A

cells in the s. spinosum

55
Q

what is the most common cell type in the dermis?

A

fibroblasts, that secrete the most common substance collagen (I and III)

56
Q

what produces Vit D3?

A

interaction of cholesterol and UVB rays

57
Q

what are Bibeck granules?

A

look like tennis rackets inside langerhan cells

58
Q

what produces bullous pemphigoid?

A

antibodies against basement membrane

59
Q

what produces pemphigus vulgaris?

A

antibodies against desmosomes

60
Q

what type of glands might produce pheromones?

A

apocrine (not essential to humans)

61
Q

what is the epinychium? hyponychium?

A

epi- proximal junction of nail

hypo- distal junction of nail, where free end meets fingertip

62
Q

what underlies the nail plate?

A

dermis deep then nail bed more superficial

63
Q

where are pacinian corpuscles m/c seen?

A

palms/soles

Histo Block 3 (11 decks)

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