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Histo Block 3 > GI II review deck > Flashcards

GI II review deck Flashcards

1
Q

describe the intestinal glands in the colon

A

fewer in # than SI, straight, lack villi

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2
Q

describe the muscularis mucosa at the esophageal- gastric junction vs. recto-anal junction

A

muscularis mucosa is continuous at the GE jxn, discontinuous at the RA junction

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3
Q

what influences the gastric mucous neck cells?

A

vagus nerve

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4
Q

what is secreted by the gastric mucous neck cells?

A

secrete mucus that traps bicarbonate and protects underlying cells from acidic environment

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5
Q

describe chief cells- appearance, location, secretion

A

chief cells are in the fundic region of the stomach ONLY, more basally located in the gastric glands, they are basophilic due to high RER, they secrete pepsingoen and a weak lipase

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6
Q

describe parietal cells- appearance, location, secretion

A

parietal cells are in the fundic and pyloric regions, located centrally in the gastric glands, secrete H+, Cl- and intrinsic factor, have a “fried egg” appearance and are eosinophilic d/t high mitochondrial content

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7
Q

describe enteroendocrine cells- appearance, location, secretion

A

rest on the basal lamina, found in fundic and pyloric regions, secrete gastrin which stimulated parietal cells to secrete HCl, small cells with pale staining nuclei

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8
Q

what is intrinsic factor?

A

glycoprotein that enables the absorption of B12 in the small intestine

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9
Q

describe composition of gastric glands in each region of the stomach

A

cardiac- cardiac neck cells- mucous
fundic- parietal, chief, mucous, enteroendocrine
pyloric- mostly mucus, some parietal and enteroendocrine

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10
Q

what part of the stomach are chief cells located?

A

fundic region ONLY

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11
Q

how can the fundic and pyloric regions be differentiated?

A

fundus - short pits, long glands

pyloris- long pits, short glands

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12
Q

what is unique about the muscularis externa of the stomach?

A

oblique layer

inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal

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13
Q

what is the outermost layer of the stomach

A

serosa that is continuous with the omentum

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14
Q

where are brunner’s glands?

A

in duodenum submucosa

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15
Q

what do brunner’s glands secrete?

A

substance to maintain pH for maximal pancreatic enzyme functioning and to protect cells from acidic material coming from stomach

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16
Q

what is another name for plicae circularis?

A

valves of Kerkring

17
Q

what is at the core of villi?

A

lamina propria

18
Q

what is at the core of plicae circulars?

A

submucosa

19
Q

what are contained in paneth cell granules?

A

lysozyme and defensins

20
Q

what is the action of defensins?

A

regulate T cell activity

21
Q

what 4 substances are secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine?

A

GLP-1, GIP, CCK, secretin

22
Q

describe the villi of jejunum vs ileum

A

jejunum- rounded

ileum- club-like

23
Q

from which 2 structures are tenia coli notably absent?

A

appendix and rectum

24
Q

where is lymph tissue in colon?

A

lamina propria and submucosa

25
Q

what are rugae?

A

infoldings of mucosa in stomach

26
Q

describe the “isthmus” of gastric glands

A

isthmus is the site of cellular replication where undifferentiated cells reside, from here, mucous cells migrate up and glandular cells migrate down

27
Q

what are 3 distinctive feature of the small intestine?

A

plicae circularis, villi, crypts of lieberkuhn

28
Q

what composes the pyloric sphincter?

A

middle circular layer of muscularis externa from the stomach

29
Q

describe the esophageal-gastric jxn

A

change from stratified squamous to simple columnar, gastric pits and glands visible after transition

30
Q

describe the gastro-duodenal jxn

A

pylroic spinster may be present, look for brunner’s glands after transition

31
Q

describe the recto-anal jxn

A

change from simple columnar to stratified squamous, look for intestinal glands and lack of villi prior to transition

32
Q

in which “layer” are the crypts of lieberkuhn?

A

lamina propria

33
Q

in which sections of the SI will plicae circulars be more prominent and organized?

A

jejunum and ileum

34
Q

what is is called when metaplasia occurs at the gastro-esophageal jxn?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

Histo Block 3 (11 decks)

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