Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo Block 3 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 basic histological layers in the circulatory system?

A

1- tunica intimia
2- tunica media
3- tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what composes the tunica intima?

A

endothelium with basement membrane and collagenous material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what composes the tunica media?

A

muscle, connective tissue

exhibits most “variety” throughout system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what composes tunica adventitia?

A

outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is another name for the tunica adventitia of the heart?

A

epicardium and visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the composition of the tunica adventitia of the heart?

A

thin layer of mesothelium that covers a serous membrane

secretes lubricating fluid, deep to mesothelium is a dense layer of fibrocollagenase tissue (with elastic fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is another name for the tunica media of the heart?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is myocardium most prominent?

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is another term for the tunica intima of the heart?

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what part of the heart has the thickest middle layer of endocardium?

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what tissue type is responsible for expansion and recoil?

A

elastin tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the “elastic arteries”? (6)

A

aorta
pulmonary aa
brachiocephalic a, common carotid a, subclavian a
common iliac a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are lamella?

A

fenestrated sheets between mm layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the consequences of age and blood pressure on lamella?

A

increased age and increased BP will increase lamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what histologically differentiates muscular arteries from elastic arteries?

A

muscular arteries will have more smooth mm and less elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are IEL/EEL?

A

IEL- internal elastic lamina (part of tunica intima)

EEL- external elastic lamina (part of tunica media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is between lamellae?

A

smooth mm, elastin fibers, reticular fibers, proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the main function of arterioles?

A

control blood flow into capillary beds, accomplished through constriction of the pre-capillary sphincter (smooth mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the vaso vasorum?

A

small network of blood vessels that supply the walls of larger vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the nervi vascularis?

A

small nerves that supply the walls of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do nutrients reach the inner arterial wall?

A

pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is “microcirculation”?

A

vasculature responsible for blood distribution within organs to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compare/contrast arterioles and capillaries

A

arterioles- well innervated, direct blood to capillary, smooth mm
capillaries- no innervation, no mm, direct blood into other vessels

24
Q

3 “players” in microcirculation

A

arterioles, capillaries, lymphatics

25
Q

typical capillary diameter

A

8-10 um

26
Q

basic capillary structure

A

single layer of epithelial cells with basal lamina

27
Q

what are pericytes?

A

contractile cells that wrap around endothelial cells of capillaries and venues throughout the body

28
Q

what dz process might pericytes be related to?

A

diabetic retinopathy

29
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous/sinusoid

30
Q

what are AV shunts?

A

structures that provide bypass of capillary beds

31
Q

where are AV shunts found?

A

skin, fingertips, lips, erectile tissue, clitoris

32
Q

discuss contraction vs relaxation of arteriole in AV shunt system

A

contraction- blood to cap bed

relaxation- blood to venule (bypass)

33
Q

what are the functions of AV shunts?

A

increase or blood flow to area - thermoregulation, erection (will enhance heat loss or cause erection)

34
Q

why are venous valves derived from?

A

tunica intima

35
Q

where is the main site of action of vasoactive substances like histamine and serotonin?

A

post-capillary venules

36
Q

which type of veins contain valves?

A

medium veins (lower extremity)

37
Q

what are the “large veins”?

A

SVC, IVC

38
Q

what are the main lymph ducts?

A

thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct

39
Q

where does lymph empty back into circulation?

A

internal jugular and subclavian veins

40
Q

where are the purkinje cells located?

A

deep subendocardial layer

41
Q

what are the 3 layers of the endocardium?

A

1- luminal endothelial cells + sub endothelial CT
2- smooth mm and loose CT
3- deep subendocardial layer- loose CT, NAV, conducting system

42
Q

what is the composition of a semilunar valve?

A

lined externally by layer of endothelial cells

core of dense fibrous CT

43
Q

what happens to the aorta when heart is in diastole?

A

aorta contracts to maintain hydrostatic pressure

44
Q

where are the vaso vasorum and nervi vascular is located?

A

tunica adventitia

45
Q

what are elastic fibers arranged in in the aorta?

A

plates (also called lamella) with fenestrations

46
Q

in which vessel does the IEL appear as a prominent wavy line?

A

muscular artery

tunica intima

47
Q

what changes occur in the progression from larger to smaller arteriole?

A

progressive loss of IEL
decrease in smooth mm
thinning of adventitia and merging of adventitia with surrounding CT

48
Q

where are continuous capillaries found?

A

muscle, lung, CNS

49
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

endocrine glands, kidneys, gallbladder, GI tract

50
Q

where are discontinuous/sinusoid capillaries found?

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow

51
Q

what are the characteristics of discontinuous/sinusoid capillaries?

A

wide diameter to slow blood flow for max exchange
incomplete/missing basement membrane
irregular pathways and junctions that facilitate diffusion

52
Q

why are lymph vessels more permeable than circulatory vessels?

A

they lack basement membrane and pericytes

53
Q

what is the thickest layer in medium veins?

A

t. adventitia

54
Q

what is the thickest layer ion large veins?

A

t. adventitia with longitudinal smooth mm layer

55
Q

in which layer of the esophagus are arterioles present?

A

submucosa

Histo Block 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions