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Pathology > GI Path: Pathoma + BRS + First Aid > Flashcards

GI Path: Pathoma + BRS + First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Cleft lip and palate definition

A

Full-thickness defect of lip or palate

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2
Q

Cause of cleft lip and palate?

A

Failure of facial prominences to fuse

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3
Q

How does the face normally develop?

A

5 facial prominences grow and fuse together to form the face

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4
Q

Do cleft lip and palate usually happen separately or together?

A

Usually together

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5
Q

Define aphthous ulcer

A

Painful superficial ulceration of oral mucosa

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6
Q

Aphthous ulcer arises in relation to what?

Can it reoccur?

A

Stress

Yes

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7
Q

What is it called when an aphthous ulcer has recurrences?

A

Aphthous stomatitis

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8
Q

How does an aphthous ulcer appear?

A

Gray base of granulation tissue surrounded by erythema

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9
Q

What is Behcet syndrome’s triad of symptoms?

A
  1. Aphthous ulcers
  2. Genital ulcers
  3. Uveitis
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10
Q

What does Behcet syndrome sometimes follow?

A

Viral infection

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11
Q

Oral herpes begins how?

What does this result in?

A

Vesicles in oral mucosa that rupture

Shallow, painful, red ulcers

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12
Q

Cause of Oral herpes?

A

HSV-1 usually

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13
Q

Primary infection of oral herpes occurs when?

Where does the virus remain dormant?

A

Childhood

Ganglia of the trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What causes reactivation of oral herpes? 5

A 
Stress
Sunlight
Illness
Trauma
Menstruation
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15
Q

Reactivation of HSV-1 results in what?

A

Vesicles on lips known as cold sores

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16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma definition?

A

Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

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17
Q

Major risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma? 2

A
  1. Tobacco

2. Alcohol

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18
Q

Most common location of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Floor of the mouth

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19
Q

Two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma?

A
  1. Leukoplakia

2. Erythroplakia

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20
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

White plaque dysplasia that cannot be scraped away.

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21
Q

What is oral candidiasis?
Cause?
Seen in what type of patients?

A

White deposit on tongue that is easily scraped away.

Cause = Candida albicans

Patients = Immunocompromised patients

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22
Q

Hairy leukoplakia definition

Cause

Patient group

A

White rough hairy patch that arises on lateral tongue.

EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia

Immunocompromised (AIDS)

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23
Q

Erythroplakia represents what?

What does it suggest?

A

Vascularized leukoplakia

Squamous cell dysplasia

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24
Q

Why are erythroplakia and leukoplakia biopsied?

A

Rule out carcinoma

25
Q

What is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

A

Trench mouth, Vincent infection, fusospirochetosis

26
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is seen in what patients?

What is the cause

A

Immunocompromised

Concurrent infection with symbiotic bacteria usually fusobacterium and borrelia vincentii

27
Q

What is most common benign epithelial tumor of oral mucosa?

Where does it occur most often (4)

A

Papilloma

Tongue, lips, gingiva, buccal mucosa

28
Q

What is a fibroma?

A

Non-neoplastic hyperplastic lesion due to chronic irritation

29
Q

Lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloam) occurs most often where?

What patient group?

A

Tongue, lips, buccal mucosa

Pregnant women

30
Q

Epulis is defined how?

A

Any benign growth of the gingiva

31
Q

Altogether what are the four benign tumors of oral mucosa?

A

Papilloma
Fibroma
Lobular capillary hemangioma
Epulis

32
Q

What are the three odontogenic tumors?

A
  1. Odontoma
  2. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
  3. Ameloblastoma
33
Q

What is the most common odontogenic tumor?

A

Odontoma

34
Q

Define odontoma?

Two types of tissue

A

Hamartoma

odontogenic epithelium and odontoblastic tissue

35
Q

What is keratocystic odontogenic tumor associated with?

What syndrome has multiple tumors of this?

What must these be distinguished from?

A

Impacted teeth

Nevoid basal cell syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)

Dentigerous cysts

36
Q

Ameloblastoma is defined how?

A

Epithelial tumor of enamel precursor cells

37
Q

Where does ameloblastoma frequently occur?

What population?

A

Mandible

Younger than 35

38
Q

Salivary glands are what type of glands?

What do they secrete?

A

Exocrine glands

Saliva

39
Q

Three major types of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

40
Q

Mumps infection results in what mainly?

Three other manifestations?

A

Bilateral inflammation of parotid glands

Orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis

41
Q

In mumps, serum amylase will be increased why?

A
  1. Salivary gland involement

2. Pancreatitis involvement

42
Q

Orchitis has what risk?

A

Sterility especially in teens

43
Q

Sialadenitis definition?
Most often cause?
Unilateral or bilateral?

A

Inflammation of salivary gland

Obstructing stone leading to s. aureus infection

Unilateral

44
Q

Sjogren syndrome presents in glands of face how? (3)

A
  1. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)
  2. Xerostomia (dry mouth)
  3. CT disease
45
Q

Define mucocele

What is the cause?

A

Cyst-like pool of mucus lined by granulation tissue

Results from leakage of ruptured ducts

46
Q

What is Ranula?

Where is it found?

A

Large mucocele of salivary gland origin

Floor of mouth

47
Q

What is the most common tumor of salivary gland?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

48
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma definition

Usual location

How does it present

A

Benign tumor of stromal and epithelial tissue

Parotid

Painless, circumscribed and mobile mass at angle of jaw

49
Q

What does pleomorphic adenoma have a high rate of?
Why?
How do you know if it progresses to carcinoma?

A

High rate of recurrence

Irregular border of tumor leads to bits being left behind after resection

Facial nerve damage signals spread

50
Q

What patient type has pleomorphic adenoma the most?

A

Females between 20 and 40 years of age

51
Q

What is second most common tumor of salivary gland?

A

Warthin tumor

52
Q

Warthin tumor has what two components?

A
  1. Benign Cystic tumor

2. Lymph node tissue of lymphocytes

53
Q

Where does the warthin tumor usually arise?

Population most common in?

A

Parotid gland

Smokers

54
Q

Define oncocytoma
Histological feature
Common population

A

Benign epithelial cell tumor

Cells have lots of mitochondria (eosinophilic)

Elderly

55
Q

What is most common malignant tumor of salivary gland?

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

56
Q

Define mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of mucinous and squamous cells

57
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma location?

Typical structure involved?

A

Parotid

Facial nerve

58
Q

Adenoid cystic carcinoma has what architecture?
How does it spread?
Result of this?

A

Cribriform

Perineural invasion

Pain

59
Q

Acinic cell carcinoma has what cells?

What population

A

Acinar cells of normal salivary gland

Young men

Pathology (36 decks)

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