GI Path: Pathoma + BRS + First Aid Flashcards
Cleft lip and palate definition
Full-thickness defect of lip or palate
Cause of cleft lip and palate?
Failure of facial prominences to fuse
How does the face normally develop?
5 facial prominences grow and fuse together to form the face
Do cleft lip and palate usually happen separately or together?
Usually together
Define aphthous ulcer
Painful superficial ulceration of oral mucosa
Aphthous ulcer arises in relation to what?
Can it reoccur?
Stress
Yes
What is it called when an aphthous ulcer has recurrences?
Aphthous stomatitis
How does an aphthous ulcer appear?
Gray base of granulation tissue surrounded by erythema
What is Behcet syndrome’s triad of symptoms?
- Aphthous ulcers
- Genital ulcers
- Uveitis
What does Behcet syndrome sometimes follow?
Viral infection
Oral herpes begins how?
What does this result in?
Vesicles in oral mucosa that rupture
Shallow, painful, red ulcers
Cause of Oral herpes?
HSV-1 usually
Primary infection of oral herpes occurs when?
Where does the virus remain dormant?
Childhood
Ganglia of the trigeminal nerve
What causes reactivation of oral herpes? 5
Stress Sunlight Illness Trauma Menstruation
Reactivation of HSV-1 results in what?
Vesicles on lips known as cold sores
Squamous cell carcinoma definition?
Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa
Major risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma? 2
- Tobacco
2. Alcohol
Most common location of squamous cell carcinoma?
Floor of the mouth
Two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma?
- Leukoplakia
2. Erythroplakia
What is leukoplakia?
White plaque dysplasia that cannot be scraped away.
What is oral candidiasis?
Cause?
Seen in what type of patients?
White deposit on tongue that is easily scraped away.
Cause = Candida albicans
Patients = Immunocompromised patients
Hairy leukoplakia definition
Cause
Patient group
White rough hairy patch that arises on lateral tongue.
EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia
Immunocompromised (AIDS)
Erythroplakia represents what?
What does it suggest?
Vascularized leukoplakia
Squamous cell dysplasia
Why are erythroplakia and leukoplakia biopsied?
Rule out carcinoma
What is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
Trench mouth, Vincent infection, fusospirochetosis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is seen in what patients?
What is the cause
Immunocompromised
Concurrent infection with symbiotic bacteria usually fusobacterium and borrelia vincentii
What is most common benign epithelial tumor of oral mucosa?
Where does it occur most often (4)
Papilloma
Tongue, lips, gingiva, buccal mucosa
What is a fibroma?
Non-neoplastic hyperplastic lesion due to chronic irritation
Lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloam) occurs most often where?
What patient group?
Tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
Pregnant women
Epulis is defined how?
Any benign growth of the gingiva
Altogether what are the four benign tumors of oral mucosa?
Papilloma
Fibroma
Lobular capillary hemangioma
Epulis
What are the three odontogenic tumors?
- Odontoma
- Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
- Ameloblastoma
What is the most common odontogenic tumor?
Odontoma
Define odontoma?
Two types of tissue
Hamartoma
odontogenic epithelium and odontoblastic tissue
What is keratocystic odontogenic tumor associated with?
What syndrome has multiple tumors of this?
What must these be distinguished from?
Impacted teeth
Nevoid basal cell syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)
Dentigerous cysts
Ameloblastoma is defined how?
Epithelial tumor of enamel precursor cells
Where does ameloblastoma frequently occur?
What population?
Mandible
Younger than 35
Salivary glands are what type of glands?
What do they secrete?
Exocrine glands
Saliva
Three major types of salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Mumps infection results in what mainly?
Three other manifestations?
Bilateral inflammation of parotid glands
Orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis
In mumps, serum amylase will be increased why?
- Salivary gland involement
2. Pancreatitis involvement
Orchitis has what risk?
Sterility especially in teens
Sialadenitis definition?
Most often cause?
Unilateral or bilateral?
Inflammation of salivary gland
Obstructing stone leading to s. aureus infection
Unilateral
Sjogren syndrome presents in glands of face how? (3)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- CT disease
Define mucocele
What is the cause?
Cyst-like pool of mucus lined by granulation tissue
Results from leakage of ruptured ducts
What is Ranula?
Where is it found?
Large mucocele of salivary gland origin
Floor of mouth
What is the most common tumor of salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma definition
Usual location
How does it present
Benign tumor of stromal and epithelial tissue
Parotid
Painless, circumscribed and mobile mass at angle of jaw
What does pleomorphic adenoma have a high rate of?
Why?
How do you know if it progresses to carcinoma?
High rate of recurrence
Irregular border of tumor leads to bits being left behind after resection
Facial nerve damage signals spread
What patient type has pleomorphic adenoma the most?
Females between 20 and 40 years of age
What is second most common tumor of salivary gland?
Warthin tumor
Warthin tumor has what two components?
- Benign Cystic tumor
2. Lymph node tissue of lymphocytes
Where does the warthin tumor usually arise?
Population most common in?
Parotid gland
Smokers
Define oncocytoma
Histological feature
Common population
Benign epithelial cell tumor
Cells have lots of mitochondria (eosinophilic)
Elderly
What is most common malignant tumor of salivary gland?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Define mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Malignant tumor of mucinous and squamous cells
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma location?
Typical structure involved?
Parotid
Facial nerve
Adenoid cystic carcinoma has what architecture?
How does it spread?
Result of this?
Cribriform
Perineural invasion
Pain
Acinic cell carcinoma has what cells?
What population
Acinar cells of normal salivary gland
Young men
