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GI Path: Pathoma + BRS + First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Cleft lip and palate definition

A

Full-thickness defect of lip or palate

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2
Q

Cause of cleft lip and palate?

A

Failure of facial prominences to fuse

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3
Q

How does the face normally develop?

A

5 facial prominences grow and fuse together to form the face

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4
Q

Do cleft lip and palate usually happen separately or together?

A

Usually together

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5
Q

Define aphthous ulcer

A

Painful superficial ulceration of oral mucosa

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6
Q

Aphthous ulcer arises in relation to what?

Can it reoccur?

A

Stress

Yes

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7
Q

What is it called when an aphthous ulcer has recurrences?

A

Aphthous stomatitis

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8
Q

How does an aphthous ulcer appear?

A

Gray base of granulation tissue surrounded by erythema

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9
Q

What is Behcet syndrome’s triad of symptoms?

A
  1. Aphthous ulcers
  2. Genital ulcers
  3. Uveitis
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10
Q

What does Behcet syndrome sometimes follow?

A

Viral infection

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11
Q

Oral herpes begins how?

What does this result in?

A

Vesicles in oral mucosa that rupture

Shallow, painful, red ulcers

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12
Q

Cause of Oral herpes?

A

HSV-1 usually

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13
Q

Primary infection of oral herpes occurs when?

Where does the virus remain dormant?

A

Childhood

Ganglia of the trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What causes reactivation of oral herpes? 5

A 
Stress
Sunlight
Illness
Trauma
Menstruation
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15
Q

Reactivation of HSV-1 results in what?

A

Vesicles on lips known as cold sores

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16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma definition?

A

Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

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17
Q

Major risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma? 2

A
  1. Tobacco

2. Alcohol

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18
Q

Most common location of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Floor of the mouth

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19
Q

Two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma?

A
  1. Leukoplakia

2. Erythroplakia

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20
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

White plaque dysplasia that cannot be scraped away.

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21
Q

What is oral candidiasis?
Cause?
Seen in what type of patients?

A

White deposit on tongue that is easily scraped away.

Cause = Candida albicans

Patients = Immunocompromised patients

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22
Q

Hairy leukoplakia definition

Cause

Patient group

A

White rough hairy patch that arises on lateral tongue.

EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia

Immunocompromised (AIDS)

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23
Q

Erythroplakia represents what?

What does it suggest?

A

Vascularized leukoplakia

Squamous cell dysplasia

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24
Q

Why are erythroplakia and leukoplakia biopsied?

A

Rule out carcinoma

25
What is acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?
Trench mouth, Vincent infection, fusospirochetosis
26
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is seen in what patients? What is the cause
Immunocompromised Concurrent infection with symbiotic bacteria usually fusobacterium and borrelia vincentii
27
What is most common benign epithelial tumor of oral mucosa? | Where does it occur most often (4)
Papilloma Tongue, lips, gingiva, buccal mucosa
28
What is a fibroma?
Non-neoplastic hyperplastic lesion due to chronic irritation
29
Lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloam) occurs most often where? What patient group?
Tongue, lips, buccal mucosa Pregnant women
30
Epulis is defined how?
Any benign growth of the gingiva
31
Altogether what are the four benign tumors of oral mucosa?
Papilloma Fibroma Lobular capillary hemangioma Epulis
32
What are the three odontogenic tumors?
1. Odontoma 2. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor 3. Ameloblastoma
33
What is the most common odontogenic tumor?
Odontoma
34
# Define odontoma? Two types of tissue
Hamartoma odontogenic epithelium and odontoblastic tissue
35
What is keratocystic odontogenic tumor associated with? What syndrome has multiple tumors of this? What must these be distinguished from?
Impacted teeth Nevoid basal cell syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) Dentigerous cysts
36
Ameloblastoma is defined how?
Epithelial tumor of enamel precursor cells
37
Where does ameloblastoma frequently occur? | What population?
Mandible | Younger than 35
38
Salivary glands are what type of glands? | What do they secrete?
Exocrine glands Saliva
39
Three major types of salivary glands?
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
40
Mumps infection results in what mainly? Three other manifestations?
Bilateral inflammation of parotid glands Orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis
41
In mumps, serum amylase will be increased why?
1. Salivary gland involement | 2. Pancreatitis involvement
42
Orchitis has what risk?
Sterility especially in teens
43
Sialadenitis definition? Most often cause? Unilateral or bilateral?
Inflammation of salivary gland Obstructing stone leading to s. aureus infection Unilateral
44
Sjogren syndrome presents in glands of face how? (3)
1. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes) 2. Xerostomia (dry mouth) 3. CT disease
45
# Define mucocele What is the cause?
Cyst-like pool of mucus lined by granulation tissue Results from leakage of ruptured ducts
46
What is Ranula? | Where is it found?
Large mucocele of salivary gland origin Floor of mouth
47
What is the most common tumor of salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
48
Pleomorphic adenoma definition Usual location How does it present
Benign tumor of stromal and epithelial tissue Parotid Painless, circumscribed and mobile mass at angle of jaw
49
What does pleomorphic adenoma have a high rate of? Why? How do you know if it progresses to carcinoma?
High rate of recurrence Irregular border of tumor leads to bits being left behind after resection Facial nerve damage signals spread
50
What patient type has pleomorphic adenoma the most?
Females between 20 and 40 years of age
51
What is second most common tumor of salivary gland?
Warthin tumor
52
Warthin tumor has what two components?
1. Benign Cystic tumor | 2. Lymph node tissue of lymphocytes
53
Where does the warthin tumor usually arise? | Population most common in?
Parotid gland Smokers
54
Define oncocytoma Histological feature Common population
Benign epithelial cell tumor Cells have lots of mitochondria (eosinophilic) Elderly
55
What is most common malignant tumor of salivary gland?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
56
Define mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Malignant tumor of mucinous and squamous cells
57
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma location? Typical structure involved?
Parotid Facial nerve
58
Adenoid cystic carcinoma has what architecture? How does it spread? Result of this?
Cribriform Perineural invasion Pain
59
Acinic cell carcinoma has what cells? What population
Acinar cells of normal salivary gland Young men

Pathology (36 decks)

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