Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > GI infections > Flashcards

GI infections Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two viral pharyngitis causes
One bacteria
One parasite

A

EBV
CMV
Group A strep
Toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thrush is described how?

Patient type

A

White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off

Immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hand-foot-and mouth disease.
Age
Begins how (3)
Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat

A

Kids
Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash
Herpangina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H. pylori
Infection leads to what in stomach
Responsible for most of what two things
Two associated cancers

A

Increased acid production
Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three most common causes of enterocolitis

What is most common

A

Rotavirus
Calciviruses
ETEC
Unknown cause most often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define diarrhea

A

Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define dysentery

A

Painful bloody diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea

A

Ingestion of preformed toxins
Enterotoxin
Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?

A

No blood or leukocytes present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?

A

Blood and/or leukocytes present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?

A

Enterotoxin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
Rotavirus
What age
Cells infected
Resulting loss
Title
Seasonality 
Primary symptom lasts how long
How to test
Vaccine
A 
Children
Mature enterocytes
Loss of absorptive ability
Most common cause of diarrhea in kids
Winter seasonal pattern
8 days
Immunoassay for stool antigen
New vaccine just out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Norovirus
Responsible for most of what
Two symptoms
Seasonality
DIagnosed how (3)
Most common source
A 
Nonspecific diarrhea
12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea
Summer diarrhea
RIA, PCR, electron microscopy
Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adenovirus
Age
Diagnosis

A

4 years old or less

Latex agglutination on stool samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 path changes in viral enterocolitis

A

Shortening of villi
Lymphocytosis of lamina propria
Hyperplasia of crypt cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Vibrio cholera
Severity
Primary sign 
Main mechanism of path
How to treat
Diagnosis
A

High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss
Rice water stools
Cholera toxin
Supportive care
Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
ETEC
Common cause of
Recovery type
Two path mechanisms
Inflammation involved
Diarrhea type
A 
Traveler's diarrhea
Self-limited
Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin
No inflammation
Watery diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

EPEC occurs in what age

A

Pediatric patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
EHEC
Primary strain
Associated with what complication in kids
Toxin type
Effect in blood
How to diagnose
Two common causes
A 
0157:H7
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids
Shiga-toxin like
Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus
Peripheral smear with schistocytes
Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
EIEC
Symptoms identical to what disease
Two symptoms
Utilize what to enter intestinal cells
What toxins
A

Shigella
Diarrhea and fever
Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive
No toxins made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Staph food poisoning
Cause of diarrhea
Common situation
type of toxin
recovery length
A

Preformed toxin
Picnics
Heat stable toxin
2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bacillus cereus
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Two toxins, each associated with what

A

Preformed toxins
Cereals like rice
Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours
Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Clostridium perfringens
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Title

A

Preformed toxin
Poorly cooked pork
Third most common food borne diarrhea cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q 
Campylobacteri Jejuni
Presentation
Common with ingesting what (3)
Septicemic form
Identify how
Title
A 
Bloody diarrhea with cramping
Poultry + Water + Raw milk
Campylobacter fetus
Stool culture
Most common invasive diarrhea in US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
Salmonella typhi
Type of diarrhea
Primarily occurs when
Tissue change seen
How to diagnose
Common sign of disease
A 
Invasive diarrhea
Septicemic form of salmonella
Ulcerated peyer's patches
Positive blood cultures
Rose spots from typhoid fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q 
Salmonella paratyphoid group
Two parts of presentation
Species
Old diagnosis
new diagnosis
A

Bacteremia + GI presentation
S. enteritidis
O and H typing
Genetic analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
Shigella
Presentation 
Bacteremic?
Flexneri is major cause of what
Three signs
Associated symptom
A 
Invasive diarrhea
No
Endemic disease
Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration
Reiter syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
C. Diff
Two toxins
Other name for disease
Associated with what use
Sign in bowel
Title
Why
New virulent strain 
Why is it bad
A 
Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B
Pseudomembranous colitis
Antimicrobial use
Plaques on bowel 
Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals
Spores spread
B1/NAP1 strain
Produces 20X as much A and B toxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q 
Yersinia enterocolitica 
Presentation
Mimics what two diseases
How
Most common in what locations
Spread how (2)
A 
Invasion with ulceration
Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis
Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis
Northern lattitudes
Milk and meat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what

A

Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q 
Cryptosporidium parvum 
Causes what
First observed in what
Makes this what type of disease
Infective dose
Places to acquire it (2)
Prolonged in who
Seasonality
A 
Watery diarrhea
Scouring calves
Zoonosis
As small as one oocyst
Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots
Immunocompromised
Summer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Primary histo finding
Liver abscess appears how
Special feature of this disease

A

Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa
Anchovy paste
Actually digests red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Giardia
Type of diarrhea
Excreted in poop of what animals (4)
Common place to get it

A

Malabsorption diarrhea
Bears, cats, dogs, beaver
Daycare centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides
From fecal oral to where
Can cause what in GI

A

Liver to lungs

intestinal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Nematode: Strongyloides
Path into body
Go to what organ to induce what
How does it get to GI

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Lungs –> Eosinophilic
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma)
Enter body how
Get to GI how
Main manifestation

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q 
Nematodes: Enterobius
Live where
Females do what at night
Result
Place to get it
Diagnostic
A 
Large bowel lumen
Females go perianal at night to lay eggs
Pruritus ani
Day care center
Scotch tape test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cestodes
How to get it
How do they attach to mucosa

A

Undercooked meat with larvae

Scolex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Five F’s of Food borne illness

A 
Feces
Flies
Fingers
Fomites
Food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?

A

Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Diarrhea after going to mexico

A

ETEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?

A

Vibrio cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?

A

C. Difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Diarrhea in nursing home

A

Norrovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Diarrhea in toddler at day care center

A

Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

DIarrhea in hospitalized adults

A

C. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Diarrhea from canning

A

C. botulinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Diarrhea from milk

A

Campy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Diarrhea in summer (2)

A

Cryptosporidium

Norwalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Diarrhea in winter

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Diarrhea in 1-6 hours

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Diarrhea in 1-8 hours

A

B. cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Diarrhea in 1-12 hours

A

C. perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Diarrhea in 8-48 hours

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Diarrhea in 1-3 days

A

Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Diarrhea in 1-7 days

A

Shigellz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Diarrhea in 5-25 days

A

Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Mucousy diarrhea cause

A

Giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Two viral pharyngitis causes
One bacteria
One parasite

A

EBV
CMV
Group A strep
Toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Thrush is described how?

Patient type

A

White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off

Immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Hand-foot-and mouth disease.
Age
Begins how (3)
Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat

A

Kids
Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash
Herpangina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

H. pylori
Infection leads to what in stomach
Responsible for most of what two things
Two associated cancers

A

Increased acid production
Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Three most common causes of enterocolitis

What is most common

A

Rotavirus
Calciviruses
ETEC
Unknown cause most often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Define diarrhea

A

Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Define dysentery

A

Painful bloody diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea

A

Ingestion of preformed toxins
Enterotoxin
Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?

A

No blood or leukocytes present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?

A

Blood and/or leukocytes present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?

A

Enterotoxin production

75
Q 
Rotavirus
What age
Cells infected
Resulting loss
Title
Seasonality 
Primary symptom lasts how long
How to test
Vaccine
A 
Children
Mature enterocytes
Loss of absorptive ability
Most common cause of diarrhea in kids
Winter seasonal pattern
8 days
Immunoassay for stool antigen
New vaccine just out
76
Q 
Norovirus
Responsible for most of what
Two symptoms
Seasonality
DIagnosed how (3)
Most common source
A 
Nonspecific diarrhea
12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea
Summer diarrhea
RIA, PCR, electron microscopy
Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships
77
Q

Adenovirus
Age
Diagnosis

A

4 years old or less

Latex agglutination on stool samples

78
Q

3 path changes in viral enterocolitis

A

Shortening of villi
Lymphocytosis of lamina propria
Hyperplasia of crypt cells

79
Q 
Vibrio cholera
Severity
Primary sign 
Main mechanism of path
How to treat
Diagnosis
A

High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss
Rice water stools
Cholera toxin
Supportive care
Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium

80
Q 
ETEC
Common cause of
Recovery type
Two path mechanisms
Inflammation involved
Diarrhea type
A 
Traveler's diarrhea
Self-limited
Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin
No inflammation
Watery diarrhea
81
Q

EPEC occurs in what age

A

Pediatric patients

82
Q 
EHEC
Primary strain
Associated with what complication in kids
Toxin type
Effect in blood
How to diagnose
Two common causes
A 
0157:H7
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids
Shiga-toxin like
Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus
Peripheral smear with schistocytes
Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos
83
Q 
EIEC
Symptoms identical to what disease
Two symptoms
Utilize what to enter intestinal cells
What toxins
A

Shigella
Diarrhea and fever
Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive
No toxins made

84
Q 
Staph food poisoning
Cause of diarrhea
Common situation
type of toxin
recovery length
A

Preformed toxin
Picnics
Heat stable toxin
2-3 days

85
Q

Bacillus cereus
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Two toxins, each associated with what

A

Preformed toxins
Cereals like rice
Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours
Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating

86
Q

Clostridium perfringens
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Title

A

Preformed toxin
Poorly cooked pork
Third most common food borne diarrhea cause

87
Q 
Campylobacteri Jejuni
Presentation
Common with ingesting what (3)
Septicemic form
Identify how
Title
A 
Bloody diarrhea with cramping
Poultry + Water + Raw milk
Campylobacter fetus
Stool culture
Most common invasive diarrhea in US
88
Q 
Salmonella typhi
Type of diarrhea
Primarily occurs when
Tissue change seen
How to diagnose
Common sign of disease
A 
Invasive diarrhea
Septicemic form of salmonella
Ulcerated peyer's patches
Positive blood cultures
Rose spots from typhoid fever
89
Q 
Salmonella paratyphoid group
Two parts of presentation
Species
Old diagnosis
new diagnosis
A

Bacteremia + GI presentation
S. enteritidis
O and H typing
Genetic analysis

90
Q 
Shigella
Presentation 
Bacteremic?
Flexneri is major cause of what
Three signs
Associated symptom
A 
Invasive diarrhea
No
Endemic disease
Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration
Reiter syndrome
91
Q 
C. Diff
Two toxins
Other name for disease
Associated with what use
Sign in bowel
Title
Why
New virulent strain 
Why is it bad
A 
Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B
Pseudomembranous colitis
Antimicrobial use
Plaques on bowel 
Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals
Spores spread
B1/NAP1 strain
Produces 20X as much A and B toxin
92
Q 
Yersinia enterocolitica 
Presentation
Mimics what two diseases
How
Most common in what locations
Spread how (2)
A 
Invasion with ulceration
Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis
Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis
Northern lattitudes
Milk and meat
93
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what

A

Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica

94
Q 
Cryptosporidium parvum 
Causes what
First observed in what
Makes this what type of disease
Infective dose
Places to acquire it (2)
Prolonged in who
Seasonality
A 
Watery diarrhea
Scouring calves
Zoonosis
As small as one oocyst
Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots
Immunocompromised
Summer
95
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Primary histo finding
Liver abscess appears how
Special feature of this disease

A

Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa
Anchovy paste
Actually digests red blood cells

96
Q

Giardia
Type of diarrhea
Excreted in poop of what animals (4)
Common place to get it

A

Malabsorption diarrhea
Bears, cats, dogs, beaver
Daycare centers

97
Q

Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides
From fecal oral to where
Can cause what in GI

A

Liver to lungs

intestinal obstruction

98
Q

Nematode: Strongyloides
Path into body
Go to what organ to induce what
How does it get to GI

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Lungs –> Eosinophilic
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract

99
Q

Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma)
Enter body how
Get to GI how
Main manifestation

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss

100
Q 
Nematodes: Enterobius
Live where
Females do what at night
Result
Place to get it
Diagnostic
A 
Large bowel lumen
Females go perianal at night to lay eggs
Pruritus ani
Day care center
Scotch tape test
101
Q

Cestodes
How to get it
How do they attach to mucosa

A

Undercooked meat with larvae

Scolex

102
Q

Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency

A

B12

103
Q

Five F’s of Food borne illness

A 
Feces
Flies
Fingers
Fomites
Food
104
Q

Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?

A

Giardia

105
Q

Diarrhea after going to mexico

A

ETEC

106
Q

Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?

A

Vibrio cholera

107
Q

Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?

A

C. Difficile

108
Q

Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?

A

Rotavirus

109
Q

Diarrhea in nursing home

A

Norrovirus

110
Q

Diarrhea in toddler at day care center

A

Giardia

111
Q

DIarrhea in hospitalized adults

A

C. diff

112
Q

Diarrhea from canning

A

C. botulinum

113
Q

Diarrhea from milk

A

Campy

114
Q

Diarrhea in summer (2)

A

Cryptosporidium

Norwalk

115
Q

Diarrhea in winter

A

Rotavirus

116
Q

Diarrhea in 1-6 hours

A

S. aureus

117
Q

Diarrhea in 1-8 hours

A

B. cereus

118
Q

Diarrhea in 1-12 hours

A

C. perfringens

119
Q

Diarrhea in 8-48 hours

A

Salmonella

120
Q

Diarrhea in 1-3 days

A

Virus

121
Q

Diarrhea in 1-7 days

A

Shigellz

122
Q

Diarrhea in 5-25 days

A

Giardia

123
Q

Mucousy diarrhea cause

A

Giardia

124
Q

Two viral pharyngitis causes
One bacteria
One parasite

A

EBV
CMV
Group A strep
Toxoplasmosis

125
Q

Thrush is described how?

Patient type

A

White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off

Immunocompromised

126
Q

Hand-foot-and mouth disease.
Age
Begins how (3)
Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat

A

Kids
Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash
Herpangina

127
Q

H. pylori
Infection leads to what in stomach
Responsible for most of what two things
Two associated cancers

A

Increased acid production
Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma

128
Q

Three most common causes of enterocolitis

What is most common

A

Rotavirus
Calciviruses
ETEC
Unknown cause most often

129
Q

Define diarrhea

A

Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.

130
Q

Define dysentery

A

Painful bloody diarrhea

131
Q

3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea

A

Ingestion of preformed toxins
Enterotoxin
Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity

132
Q

Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?

A

No blood or leukocytes present

133
Q

Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?

A

Blood and/or leukocytes present

134
Q

Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?

A

Enterotoxin production

135
Q 
Rotavirus
What age
Cells infected
Resulting loss
Title
Seasonality 
Primary symptom lasts how long
How to test
Vaccine
A 
Children
Mature enterocytes
Loss of absorptive ability
Most common cause of diarrhea in kids
Winter seasonal pattern
8 days
Immunoassay for stool antigen
New vaccine just out
136
Q 
Norovirus
Responsible for most of what
Two symptoms
Seasonality
DIagnosed how (3)
Most common source
A 
Nonspecific diarrhea
12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea
Summer diarrhea
RIA, PCR, electron microscopy
Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships
137
Q

Adenovirus
Age
Diagnosis

A

4 years old or less

Latex agglutination on stool samples

138
Q

3 path changes in viral enterocolitis

A

Shortening of villi
Lymphocytosis of lamina propria
Hyperplasia of crypt cells

139
Q 
Vibrio cholera
Severity
Primary sign 
Main mechanism of path
How to treat
Diagnosis
A

High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss
Rice water stools
Cholera toxin
Supportive care
Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium

140
Q 
ETEC
Common cause of
Recovery type
Two path mechanisms
Inflammation involved
Diarrhea type
A 
Traveler's diarrhea
Self-limited
Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin
No inflammation
Watery diarrhea
141
Q

EPEC occurs in what age

A

Pediatric patients

142
Q 
EHEC
Primary strain
Associated with what complication in kids
Toxin type
Effect in blood
How to diagnose
Two common causes
A 
0157:H7
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids
Shiga-toxin like
Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus
Peripheral smear with schistocytes
Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos
143
Q 
EIEC
Symptoms identical to what disease
Two symptoms
Utilize what to enter intestinal cells
What toxins
A

Shigella
Diarrhea and fever
Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive
No toxins made

144
Q 
Staph food poisoning
Cause of diarrhea
Common situation
type of toxin
recovery length
A

Preformed toxin
Picnics
Heat stable toxin
2-3 days

145
Q

Bacillus cereus
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Two toxins, each associated with what

A

Preformed toxins
Cereals like rice
Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours
Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating

146
Q

Clostridium perfringens
Cause of diarrhea
Associated with what
Title

A

Preformed toxin
Poorly cooked pork
Third most common food borne diarrhea cause

147
Q 
Campylobacteri Jejuni
Presentation
Common with ingesting what (3)
Septicemic form
Identify how
Title
A 
Bloody diarrhea with cramping
Poultry + Water + Raw milk
Campylobacter fetus
Stool culture
Most common invasive diarrhea in US
148
Q 
Salmonella typhi
Type of diarrhea
Primarily occurs when
Tissue change seen
How to diagnose
Common sign of disease
A 
Invasive diarrhea
Septicemic form of salmonella
Ulcerated peyer's patches
Positive blood cultures
Rose spots from typhoid fever
149
Q 
Salmonella paratyphoid group
Two parts of presentation
Species
Old diagnosis
new diagnosis
A

Bacteremia + GI presentation
S. enteritidis
O and H typing
Genetic analysis

150
Q 
Shigella
Presentation 
Bacteremic?
Flexneri is major cause of what
Three signs
Associated symptom
A 
Invasive diarrhea
No
Endemic disease
Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration
Reiter syndrome
151
Q 
C. Diff
Two toxins
Other name for disease
Associated with what use
Sign in bowel
Title
Why
New virulent strain 
Why is it bad
A 
Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B
Pseudomembranous colitis
Antimicrobial use
Plaques on bowel 
Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals
Spores spread
B1/NAP1 strain
Produces 20X as much A and B toxin
152
Q 
Yersinia enterocolitica 
Presentation
Mimics what two diseases
How
Most common in what locations
Spread how (2)
A 
Invasion with ulceration
Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis
Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis
Northern lattitudes
Milk and meat
153
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what

A

Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica

154
Q 
Cryptosporidium parvum 
Causes what
First observed in what
Makes this what type of disease
Infective dose
Places to acquire it (2)
Prolonged in who
Seasonality
A 
Watery diarrhea
Scouring calves
Zoonosis
As small as one oocyst
Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots
Immunocompromised
Summer
155
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Primary histo finding
Liver abscess appears how
Special feature of this disease

A

Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa
Anchovy paste
Actually digests red blood cells

156
Q

Giardia
Type of diarrhea
Excreted in poop of what animals (4)
Common place to get it

A

Malabsorption diarrhea
Bears, cats, dogs, beaver
Daycare centers

157
Q

Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides
From fecal oral to where
Can cause what in GI

A

Liver to lungs

intestinal obstruction

158
Q

Nematode: Strongyloides
Path into body
Go to what organ to induce what
How does it get to GI

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Lungs –> Eosinophilic
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract

159
Q

Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma)
Enter body how
Get to GI how
Main manifestation

A

Live in ground and penetrate bare feet
Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss

160
Q 
Nematodes: Enterobius
Live where
Females do what at night
Result
Place to get it
Diagnostic
A 
Large bowel lumen
Females go perianal at night to lay eggs
Pruritus ani
Day care center
Scotch tape test
161
Q

Cestodes
How to get it
How do they attach to mucosa

A

Undercooked meat with larvae

Scolex

162
Q

Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency

A

B12

163
Q

Five F’s of Food borne illness

A 
Feces
Flies
Fingers
Fomites
Food
164
Q

Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?

A

Giardia

165
Q

Diarrhea after going to mexico

A

ETEC

166
Q

Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?

A

Vibrio cholera

167
Q

Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?

A

C. Difficile

168
Q

Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?

A

Rotavirus

169
Q

Diarrhea in nursing home

A

Norrovirus

170
Q

Diarrhea in toddler at day care center

A

Giardia

171
Q

DIarrhea in hospitalized adults

A

C. diff

172
Q

Diarrhea from canning

A

C. botulinum

173
Q

Diarrhea from milk

A

Campy

174
Q

Diarrhea in summer (2)

A

Cryptosporidium

Norwalk

175
Q

Diarrhea in winter

A

Rotavirus

176
Q

Diarrhea in 1-6 hours

A

S. aureus

177
Q

Diarrhea in 1-8 hours

A

B. cereus

178
Q

Diarrhea in 1-12 hours

A

C. perfringens

179
Q

Diarrhea in 8-48 hours

A

Salmonella

180
Q

Diarrhea in 1-3 days

A

Virus

181
Q

Diarrhea in 1-7 days

A

Shigellz

182
Q

Diarrhea in 5-25 days

A

Giardia

183
Q

Mucousy diarrhea cause

A

Giardia

Pathology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions