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Physiology I Block 3 > GI fluid & Electrolyte Transport > Flashcards

GI fluid & Electrolyte Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways water can be absorbed

A

paracellular

tight junctions

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2
Q

water absorption or movement to the blood side is predominantley going to occur in what pathways

A

paracellular

transcellular

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3
Q

in paracellula rpathway when sodium goes through

A

water will also go through

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4
Q

what channels for transcellular route

A

water channels

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5
Q

what has the leakiest tight junctions

A

duodenum

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6
Q

what has the tightest tight junctions

A

colon

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7
Q

most of water and electorlight absorption is where

A

at beginning of SI

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8
Q

solvent drag

A

bulk movement

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9
Q

where is solvent drag greatest

A

beginning of GI

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10
Q

draw out water movement from tubular fluid to cell to blood

A

pg 6

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11
Q

draw out epithelial cell of duodenum and the transporters involved

A

pg 7

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12
Q

why is sodium potassium ATPase not on lumen side

A

come in through secodndayr active transport and will get kicked out

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13
Q

duodenum is major site of absorption for

A

CHO, Protein & Lipid Absorption

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14
Q

where is the major site for sodium absorption

A

jejunum

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15
Q

what is function of colon

A

finish off water and electrolight absorption - it is not the major site!

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16
Q

if you have diaghrrea what happens to potassium in blood

A

low potassium in blood, more loss of potassium

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17
Q

hypokalemia in

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

what are the two ways you can get diarrhea

A

Decreased absorption of fluid and electrolytes

Increased secretion of fluid and electrolytes

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19
Q

why is there loss of bicarb in diarrhea?

A

so many things secrete bicarb, so you will loose a lot of it when you have diarrhea.

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20
Q

salt and solute transport is driving force for passive water flux by what two routes

A

paracellular or transcellular routes

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21
Q

sodium and chloride are absorbed in large quantities by what cells

A

intestinal epithelial cells

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22
Q

duodenum is major site for absorption of what

A

CHO, Protein & Lipid Absorption

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23
Q

jejunum is major site for absorption of what

A

Na+

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24
Q

draw out epithelial cell of SI (duodenum & jejunum)

A

pg 7

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25
where is there net NaHCO-3 absorption
duodenum & jejunum
26
draw out epithelial cell of ileum
pg 9
27
where is there net NaCl absorption
Ileum
28
draw out epithelial cell of colon
pg 10
29
synthesis of Na+ channels in colon is induced by
aldosterone
30
synthesis of aldosterone in colon leads to increased
Na+ absorption & K+ secretion
31
how does aldosterone increase K+ secretion in colon
increases # of Na+ channels
32
what does diarrhea do to K+
hypkalemia - low K+. increased K+ secretion which results in loss of K+
33
what are the major anions of the colon
organic acids (short-chain fatty acids)
34
show the effect of short chain fatty acids on colon
pg 12
35
diarrheal fluid has high concentration of
HCO3- & K+
36
why does diarrheal fluid have high concentration of HCO3-
b/c fluids secreted into gastrointestinal tract have high HCO3- content
37
loss of HCO3- in diarrhea causes
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
38
why does diarrheal fluid have high concentration of K+
flow-rate dependent K+ secretion by colon
39
excessive loss of K+ from GI results in
hypokalemia
40
what will decreaed surface area in GI do
decreased surface area caused by infection or inflammation will lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and vitamins and could lead to diarrhea
41
celiac disease is inflammatory condition directed against what antigen
gluten/gliadin
42
celiac disease is inflammatory condition directed against what autoantigen
tissue transglutaminase (tTG)
43
what is another name for celiac disease
gluten-sensitive enteropathy
44
what kind of test has the most power to exclude celiac disease
genetic test
45
list diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease
Positive serologic tests and upper endoscopy with biopsy Genetic test has most power to exclude celiac disease Symptoms resolve on a gluten-free diet Repeat small bowel biopsy to document normalization on a gluten-free diet is no longer recommended to establish the diagnosis
46
what is another term for gluten
gliadin
47
what is treatment for celiac disease
gluten-free diet & glucocorticoid
48
what causes tropical sprue/what is it?
happens in tropics | unidentified infectious agents that damage mucosa
49
what is treatment for tropical sprue?
antibiotics
50
what is an example of osmotic diarrhea
lactase deficiency
51
what causes osmotic diarrhea
caused by presence of nonabsorbable solutes in lumen of intestine
52
what causes secretory diarrhea
excessive secretion of fluid by crypt cells
53
overgrowth of what will cause secretory diarrhea
enteropathic bacteria like E.Coli or Vibrio cholerae (cholera)
54
``` secretory diarrhea vomitting sunken eyes & cheeks decreased skin suppleness dry mucous membrane urine stopped or decreased these are symptoms of ```
cholera
55
draw out the mechanism of cholera
pg 34
56
bacterial toxin cholera enters what cells
intestinal crypt cells
57
how does cholera toxin enter intestinal crypt cells
apical memrane
58
once inside intestinal crypt cell what does cholera toxin do
moves to basolateral membrane
59
once in basolateral membrane what does cholera toxin do
catalyzes ADP of as subunit of Gs protein that is coupled to adenylyl cyclase, which makes it permanetly GTP
60
what are the treatments for cholera
Oral Rehydration Intravenous Rehydration Antimicrobial Therapy
61
review the major sites of absorption
pg 37

Physiology I Block 3 (14 decks)

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