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Physiology I Block 3 > GI fluid & Electrolyte Transport > Flashcards

GI fluid & Electrolyte Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways water can be absorbed

A

paracellular

tight junctions

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2
Q

water absorption or movement to the blood side is predominantley going to occur in what pathways

A

paracellular

transcellular

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3
Q

in paracellula rpathway when sodium goes through

A

water will also go through

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4
Q

what channels for transcellular route

A

water channels

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5
Q

what has the leakiest tight junctions

A

duodenum

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6
Q

what has the tightest tight junctions

A

colon

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7
Q

most of water and electorlight absorption is where

A

at beginning of SI

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8
Q

solvent drag

A

bulk movement

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9
Q

where is solvent drag greatest

A

beginning of GI

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10
Q

draw out water movement from tubular fluid to cell to blood

A

pg 6

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11
Q

draw out epithelial cell of duodenum and the transporters involved

A

pg 7

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12
Q

why is sodium potassium ATPase not on lumen side

A

come in through secodndayr active transport and will get kicked out

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13
Q

duodenum is major site of absorption for

A

CHO, Protein & Lipid Absorption

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14
Q

where is the major site for sodium absorption

A

jejunum

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15
Q

what is function of colon

A

finish off water and electrolight absorption - it is not the major site!

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16
Q

if you have diaghrrea what happens to potassium in blood

A

low potassium in blood, more loss of potassium

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17
Q

hypokalemia in

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

what are the two ways you can get diarrhea

A

Decreased absorption of fluid and electrolytes

Increased secretion of fluid and electrolytes

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19
Q

why is there loss of bicarb in diarrhea?

A

so many things secrete bicarb, so you will loose a lot of it when you have diarrhea.

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20
Q

salt and solute transport is driving force for passive water flux by what two routes

A

paracellular or transcellular routes

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21
Q

sodium and chloride are absorbed in large quantities by what cells

A

intestinal epithelial cells

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22
Q

duodenum is major site for absorption of what

A

CHO, Protein & Lipid Absorption

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23
Q

jejunum is major site for absorption of what

A

Na+

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24
Q

draw out epithelial cell of SI (duodenum & jejunum)

A

pg 7

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25
Q

where is there net NaHCO-3 absorption

A

duodenum & jejunum

26
Q

draw out epithelial cell of ileum

A

pg 9

27
Q

where is there net NaCl absorption

A

Ileum

28
Q

draw out epithelial cell of colon

A

pg 10

29
Q

synthesis of Na+ channels in colon is induced by

A

aldosterone

30
Q

synthesis of aldosterone in colon leads to increased

A

Na+ absorption & K+ secretion

31
Q

how does aldosterone increase K+ secretion in colon

A

increases # of Na+ channels

32
Q

what does diarrhea do to K+

A

hypkalemia - low K+. increased K+ secretion which results in loss of K+

33
Q

what are the major anions of the colon

A

organic acids (short-chain fatty acids)

34
Q

show the effect of short chain fatty acids on colon

A

pg 12

35
Q

diarrheal fluid has high concentration of

A

HCO3- & K+

36
Q

why does diarrheal fluid have high concentration of HCO3-

A

b/c fluids secreted into gastrointestinal tract have high HCO3- content

37
Q

loss of HCO3- in diarrhea causes

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

38
Q

why does diarrheal fluid have high concentration of K+

A

flow-rate dependent K+ secretion by colon

39
Q

excessive loss of K+ from GI results in

A

hypokalemia

40
Q

what will decreaed surface area in GI do

A

decreased surface area caused by infection or inflammation will lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and vitamins and could lead to diarrhea

41
Q

celiac disease is inflammatory condition directed against what antigen

A

gluten/gliadin

42
Q

celiac disease is inflammatory condition directed against what autoantigen

A

tissue transglutaminase (tTG)

43
Q

what is another name for celiac disease

A

gluten-sensitive enteropathy

44
Q

what kind of test has the most power to exclude celiac disease

A

genetic test

45
Q

list diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease

A

Positive serologic tests and upper endoscopy with biopsy
Genetic test has most power to exclude celiac disease
Symptoms resolve on a gluten-free diet
Repeat small bowel biopsy to document normalization on a gluten-free diet is no longer recommended to establish the diagnosis

46
Q

what is another term for gluten

A

gliadin

47
Q

what is treatment for celiac disease

A

gluten-free diet & glucocorticoid

48
Q

what causes tropical sprue/what is it?

A

happens in tropics

unidentified infectious agents that damage mucosa

49
Q

what is treatment for tropical sprue?

A

antibiotics

50
Q

what is an example of osmotic diarrhea

A

lactase deficiency

51
Q

what causes osmotic diarrhea

A

caused by presence of nonabsorbable solutes in lumen of intestine

52
Q

what causes secretory diarrhea

A

excessive secretion of fluid by crypt cells

53
Q

overgrowth of what will cause secretory diarrhea

A

enteropathic bacteria like E.Coli or Vibrio cholerae (cholera)

54
Q 
secretory diarrhea
vomitting
sunken eyes & cheeks
decreased skin suppleness
dry mucous membrane
urine stopped or decreased
these are symptoms of
A

cholera

55
Q

draw out the mechanism of cholera

A

pg 34

56
Q

bacterial toxin cholera enters what cells

A

intestinal crypt cells

57
Q

how does cholera toxin enter intestinal crypt cells

A

apical memrane

58
Q

once inside intestinal crypt cell what does cholera toxin do

A

moves to basolateral membrane

59
Q

once in basolateral membrane what does cholera toxin do

A

catalyzes ADP of as subunit of Gs protein that is coupled to adenylyl cyclase, which makes it permanetly GTP

60
Q

what are the treatments for cholera

A

Oral Rehydration
Intravenous Rehydration
Antimicrobial Therapy

61
Q

review the major sites of absorption

A

pg 37

Physiology I Block 3 (14 decks)

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