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Physiology I Block 3 > Cardiology 7.7 > Flashcards

Cardiology 7.7 Flashcards

1
Q

for EC coupling what has to happen

A

Ca increases

AP

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2
Q

rise in cytoplasmic calcium is called

A

cytoplasmic transient (95)

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3
Q

relationship b/w intracellular calcium & muscle tension

A

very steep relationship

when cell is relaxed intracellular calcium is low

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4
Q

if calcium doesn’t come into cell through calcium current the SR

A

will not release calcium & won’t get calcium transient

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5
Q

the major way you vary strength of contraction of cardiac muscle

A

he didn’t say

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6
Q

describe structure of ventricular myocyte and difference b/w skeletal

A

SR contacts T tubule is similar to triad in skeletal muscle but is not voluminous SR - only at contact site is where it is released

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7
Q

draw out structure of myocyte

A

pg 96

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8
Q

in heart have calcium channels in t tubule across from

A

ryanodine receptors (calcium release channels)

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9
Q

what is a couplon

A

unit of Ca channels and RyRs

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10
Q

ryanodine receptor in cardaic vs. skeletal

A

ryanodine receptor is separate from calcium channel in cardiac muscle

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11
Q

with each beat the heart needs what that skeletal muscle doesn’t need

A

calcium influx with each beat

in heart if calcium isn’t released it won’t contract

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12
Q

how is calcium put back into SR

A

SERCA

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13
Q

beat to beat entry of calcium, with each beat in cardiac cell, how do you get calcium out

A

sodium calcium exchange (doesn’t need ATP)
SERCA
Calcium pump

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14
Q

what is most important way to get calcium out in cardiac

A

sodium calcium pump

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15
Q

does sodium calcium pump need ATP

A

no

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16
Q

how much sodium vs. calcium in pump in cardiac

A

3 sodium in for 1 calcium out

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17
Q

in cardiac muscle when you apply EPI & NE what happens regarding calcium

A

bigger calcium current and bigger release from SR and more forecful contraction

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18
Q

why does HR go up when excersie

A

EPI & NE released, stimulating more calcium & rate of diastolic depol increases so faster HR. force of contractino also increases b/c of bigger calcium currnet

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19
Q

calcium by itself is insufficient to cause

A

contraction

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20
Q

what do you need calcium to do to to cause contraction

A

binds to ryanadine receptor, opens, big release of calcium (calcium transient).

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21
Q

if you delay the rate of calcium reuptake what happens to tension

A

slow the rate of relaxation

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22
Q

if you block calcium current will not get calcium release from

A

SR

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23
Q

what happens to tension if you have EPI & NE

A

get faster and stronger rate of tension (pg 100)

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24
Q

pressure development in left ventricle with EPI & NE

A

steeper rise in ventricular pressure and faster rate of decline

25
ECG is used to detect
problems with heart - ischemia, infarction, rate & rhythm, etc. basically electrical activity in a pt.
26
when pt is in ER what is first thing you do
see if their heart is working- measure ECG
27
slow conduction in ventricles what would get longer on ECG
QRS
28
the wider the QRS is reflection that
it took longer to propegate to ventricles
29
what are you measuring with ECG
surface potential (not transmembrane, but transmembrane is causing the surface potential to change)
30
right leg electrode is
ground electrode
31
if you just have upward signal in QRS it is
R wave
32
if up and down in QRS it is
R and S wave
33
R wave followed by S wave and then another up it is a
R prime wave
34
if first signal goes down in QRS it is
QS wave
35
if it goes down and up only it is is
QR wave
36
draw out the different kind of waves
pg 112
37
if you subtract A-B you get
inverted t wave (you don't normally see that) you see it in atria - first one that depol are first to repol and you get inverted t wave but don't see it b/c it's during QRS
38
why do you get positive t wave
in heart epicardial cells have shorter AP duration. they're activated later but they have shorter AP duration (pg 113 right picture) so A-B is still positive.
39
t wave inversion is one thing that happens during
ischemia
40
t wave inversion during ischemia
shortened AP duration on epicardial surface of heart
41
dipol is measure if
difference in one part of heart compared to another
42
max dipole is biggest
charge separation
43
little separation is
small dipole
44
dipole has positive and negative end and it always points towards
resting tissue
45
if you're positive electrode and dipole approaching it will give
upward signal
46
if dipole is running parallel to orientation of electrodes get
maximum signal
47
positive end of dipole approaching positive end of signal get
positive wave
48
if dipole going toward negative electrode get
negative (downard) wave
49
signal ix maximum when dipole oriented parallel to
electrodes
50
if dipole is perpendicular to electrodes it generates what signal
isoelectric - it's almost 0
51
look at pg 116
pg 116
52
if first cells to depol are first to repol
get inverted t wave
53
if second sells to depol are first to repol get
positive t wave
54
what are the bipolar limb leads
I II III
55
what are the unipolar limb leads
aVR aVL aVF
56
what are the chest leads
V1-6
57
bipolar leads I, II, III generally where do they go
right arm left arm left leg
58
draw out where leads I, II, III go
pg 122

Physiology I Block 3 (14 decks)

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