GI 7

Question 1

The gallbladder stores bile needed for an entire meal

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Defacation is triggered by

Answer 2

Relaxation of the Rectum

Question 3

Two reflexed initiated by the distension of the rectum

Answer 3

Short reflex
Long reflex

Question 4

Short Reflex

Answer 4

Local peristaltic waves

Question 5

Long Reflex

Answer 5

Relaxation of the internal sphincter
Contracrtions from parasympathetic input
Completed by voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter (skeletal) and aided by increased abdominal pressure

Question 6

Diarrhea

Answer 6

An increase in the frequency, volume and fluid content of the faces due to increased secretion, reduced absorption or increased motility

Question 7

Types of diarrhea

Answer 7

Osmotic
Secretory
inflammatory
Motility

Question 8

Osmotic diarrhea

Answer 8

When increased solute concentration in the lumen
Example: Lactose intolerant

Question 9

inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 9

Due to bacterial infection

Question 10

Secretory diarrhea

Answer 10

Triggered by immune cells

Question 11

Example of secretory diarrhea

Answer 11

Cholera

Question 12

C difficile

Answer 12

The use of penicillin based antibiotics can alter the normal bacterial flora

Question 13

What does C difficile create

Answer 13

Colitis: Watery diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain

Question 14

Vomiting

Answer 14

Contents of the stomach and occasionally the small intestine are forcefully expelled through the mouth
Associated with Nausea
Increased vestibular input

Question 15

What does the vomiting center in the medulla cause

Answer 15

1. Retrograde contractions in the small intestine and stomach
2. Contraction of abdominal and inspiratory muscles (diaphragm). increases gastric pressure
3. Relaxation of the esophageal sphincter

Question 16

What’s in the GUT

Answer 16

Lymphoid tissue (80% of lymphocytes located in the gut)

Question 17

M cells

Answer 17

Plays a big role in immune responses: sample lumen contents
Receptir mediated endocytosis

Question 18

The primary role of the intestinal hormone is to stimulate pancreatic enzyme

Answer 18

CCK

Question 19

The GI DOES NOT REGULATE

Answer 19

INTAKE

Question 20

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 20

Hunger center

Question 21

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 21

Satiety Center

Question 22

Long term regulation of feeding behaviour

Answer 22

Glucostatic theory: Glucose metabolism in the hypothalamus regulates food intake
Lipostatic theory: Signals from the bodies fat stores regulate food intake

Question 23

Most abundant long term regulation of the feeding behaviour

Answer 23

Lipostatic theory

Question 24

Leptin

Answer 24

High levels on leptin in obese people

Question 25

Response to elevated leptin

Answer 25

A lot fat in adipose tissue
Acts of arcuate nucleus
1. Inhibits of lateral feeding centre
2. Activation of PVN (Paraventricular Nucleus)
Increased metabolism by increasing TSH

Question 26

Responses to decreased leptin

Answer 26

Reduce PVN
Activation of parasympathetic neurons