GI - 11 Colon disorders pt 1 Flashcards
___ is believed to be caused by being deficient in fiber
Colonic diverticulOSIS
Key symptom of colonic diverticulosis is:
Painless bleeding
Patients come in with Left side ab pain and constipation
DiverticulITIS
What is only way to diagnose Diverticulitis
CT
__ and __ are contraindicated during Diverticulitis. Why?
Colonoscopy and Barium Enema. Because its symptoms could be caused by colon cancer perforations, risk of perforation.
The main complication of Diverticulitis is:
Phlegmon (an early abscess ‘collection of gunk’)
What is a phlegmon?
(an early abscess ‘collection of gunk
2 drugs to treat Diverticulitis:
Metronidazole
ciprofloxacin
Discrete mass lesions that protrude into lumen of colon and SI
Polyps
3 groups of polyps:
Mucosal neoplastic : adenomatous (precancerous) polyps
Mucosal nonneoplastic polyps: hyperplastic, juvenile polyps, hamartomas, inflammatory polyps
Won’t become cancerous
Submucosal lesions: lipomas, lymphoid aggregates, carcinoids, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
3 types of Adenomatous Polyps. How aggressive is each?
Tubular are least aggressive
Tubulovillous are more aggressive
Villous are most aggressive
> 95% of cases of colon adenocarcinoma are believed to arise from __
Adenomatous polyps
Symptoms of adenomatous polyps:
none
2 types of adenomatous polyps
Nonfamilial and familial
Adenamatous polyps can lead to:
Colorectal cancer
In which part of the body do adenomatous polyps have the greatest malignant potential?
Colon
Mucocutaneous pigmented macules on the lips, buccal mucosa, and skin
Hamartomatous (benign) polyps throughout the GI tract (most notably in the small intestine), genetic
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Hamartomatous polyps and lipomas throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Trichilemmomas (Slow-growing flesh-colored flat-topped facial papules or plaques 1-5 mm in diameter. Grow and often take on a warty appearance). Cerebellar lesions, An increased rate of malignancy in thyroid, breast, and urogenital tract.
Cowden disease aka PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome
Increased risk of colorectal ca and other mailgnancies. 2-3% of all colorectal ca. Few adenomas, sessile, often with villous features and dysplasia. Rapid transformation
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)
Thorough family cancer history is essential to identify families that may be affected with
HNPCC - Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
___ is essential to identify people that may be affected with HNPCC
family cancer history
Colorectal cancer is ____
preventable
Almost all colorectal cancers are ___
Adenocarcinomas
Right-sided colonic cancers may cause ___
from ___
Iron deficiency anemia from chronic blood loss
What-sided colonic cancers will cause iron deficiency anemia because of chronic blood loss?
Right-sided colonic cancers
? Obstructive symptoms. The stool may be streaked with blood. Tenesmus, urgency, and recurrent hematochezia
Left colon lesions
Colon cancer on right side will be ___
On left side will __
If on right side, it will be obstructed
Left side: it will leak around it.
