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CPT > Gi > Flashcards

Gi Flashcards

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1
Q

Gaviscon

A

Alginate and antacid, buffers stomach acid and increases stomach content viscosity and reduces reflux

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2
Q

S/E antacids and alginates

A

Mg causes D and Aluminium causes constipation

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3
Q

Lansoprazole and omeprazole

A

PPI- irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cells. Final stage so significant reduction in acid secretion

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4
Q

S/E PPI

A

Mask symptoms of gastro oesophageal cancer. Fracture risk. Also O is a CYP inhibitor

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5
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist so less proton pump activation. Only partial

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6
Q

S/E H2 antagonist

A

Mask symptoms of cancer. Renal impairment. Not to use with antivirals as reduce exposure. ? carcinogenic contaminant

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7
Q

Mesalazine and used to treat

A

Aminosalicylate- release of 5 aminosalicylic acid.Treat ulcerative colitis

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8
Q

S/E aminosalicylate

A

Gi upset

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9
Q

What drugs are of concern when prescribing PPI

A

Phenytoin, warfarin and clopidogrel as CYP issues

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10
Q

Why do PPI give greater protection that H2 antag

A

Bind to end of pathway.

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11
Q

Agents that work of vestibular nucleus

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist and H1 receptor antagonists

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12
Q

Hyoscine hydrobromide

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist- block muscarinic ACh receptors in CTZ and vestibular nucleus

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13
Q

S/E muscarinic antagonist

A

Sedation, memory issues, glaucoma, constipation

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14
Q

Cyclizine

A

H1 receptor antagonist- good for motion sickness. Not for kids and old as confusion

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15
Q

Agents that work on visceral afferents in gut

A

5HT3 receptor antagonist and D2 receptor antagonist

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16
Q

What is 5HT

A

Serotonin

17
Q

Ondansetron

A

5HT3 receptor antagonist- reduced mobility and GI secretions and centrally inhibits CTZ

18
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 receptor antagonist- Increases ACh at receptors in gut. Promotes gastric emptying. Increases peristalsis

19
Q

What is metoclopramide good for

A

Gout and illeus

20
Q

S/E 5HT3 antagonist

A

Constipation, headache, Long QT syndrome, parkinsonism

21
Q

S/E D2 antagonists

A

Galactorrhoea, dystonia and parkinsonism.

22
Q

Other use for domperidone

A

Increase lactation in breastfeeding mothers

23
Q

Agents acting on CTZ

A

D2 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, cannabinoids, neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists

24
Q

D2 antagonist working on CTZ

A

Haloperidol

25
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Dexamethasone

26
Q

S/E corticosteroids

A

Insomnia, increased BM and appetite

27
Q

Nabilone

A

Cannabinoids- last line treatment

28
Q

Aprepitant

A

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, prevents action of substance P at CTZ and peripheral nerves. Boost effects of 5HT3 receptor antagonist.

29
Q

Domperidone, metoclopramide

A

Prokinetic. GORD, Ileus

30
Q

Risk of prokinetic

A

Obstruction and risk of perforation

31
Q

Treat hyperemesis gtavidarum

A

Promethazine or Prochlorperazine (H1 and D2 antag)

32
Q

Risk for post op nausea

A

Female, non smoker, young, laparoscopic

33
Q

Loperamide, codeine, morphine

A

Opioid receptor agonist, decreases tone of long and circu smooth muscle. Reduces peristalsis, increases segmental contractions

34
Q

S/E opioid receptor agonist

A

Paralytic ileus, n and v, sedation and addiction

35
Q

Constipating diet

A

Bananas, white bread, white rice

36
Q

Lactulose and movicol

A

Osmotic laxative. Lactulose draws in and macrogols retain fluid they came with

37
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative- increase intestinal motility.

38
Q

Docusate sodium

A

Stool softeners, decrease surface tension of stool. Increase penetration of fluid in stool.

CPT (16 decks)

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