Diabetes Flashcards
Biguanides
Metformin, decrease hepatic glucose production
Sulfonylureas
Gliclazide- stimulates B cells = increase insulin
Glitazones
Pioglitazone- increase insulin sensitisation of muscle and fat. Increase appetite
SGLT 2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin- decrease glucose absorption
DPP4 inhibitor
Sitagliptin- prevent increatin breakdown = promote insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release.
GLP-1 agonist
Exenatide- activate GLP1 = increase insulin by increase glucose dependent synthesis. Decrease gastric emptying = decrease weight.
S/E sulfonylurea
Hypoglycemia, weight gain
Side effect glitazone
HF, oedema
SE GLP1 agonist
suppress appetite, N/V/D/headache, pancreatitis
Why is exenatide different
SC not oral med
Which have risk of low BM
Sulphonylureas and Glitazones
Why caution with metformin for renal patients
Excreted unchanged
Why do sulphonylurea promote weight gain
Anabolic effects of insulin
Why is duration of glitazones not related to half life
Affects transcription of genes
