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ggggg Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

10% rule

A

when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next only 10% of energy is passed on

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2
Q

Abiotic

A

anything non-living

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3
Q

Aposematic Sound

A

when a defenseless organism sounds like a dangerous predator

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4
Q

Autotroph

A

organism makes own food

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5
Q

Batesian mimicry

A

defenseless species resembles a toxic species

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6
Q

Benthic zone

A

bottom with sediment

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7
Q

Biomagnification

A

the concentration of toxins in an organism

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8
Q

Biotic

A

anything living

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9
Q

Biotic potential

A

an organism in an innate potential for an increase in numbers

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10
Q

Carbon cycle

A

basic constituent of all organic compounds

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

organisms that eat other organisms

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12
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum amount of population size in an environment over a long period of time

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13
Q

Change in population size

A

a change in population size

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14
Q

Climax Community

A

predonimant type of vegatation that exists in an area

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15
Q

Commensalism

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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16
Q

Community

A

group of interacting populations

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17
Q

Compensation depth

A

the area where the amount of O2 released equals the amount of O2 consumed in respiration

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18
Q

Competitive Exclusion principle

A

proposition that states that two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist at constant population values

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19
Q

Contest Competition

A

subdivide resource (territorial)

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20
Q

Cryptic Coloration

A

when an organism blends into its surrounding

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21
Q

Hypolimnion

A

area below thermocline

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22
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between different species for a limited resource

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23
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

competition between the same species for a limited resource

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24
Q

Density Dependent

A

will affect a greater % of the population if population is large

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25
Q

Density Independent

A

will affect the same % of the population no matter the size of the population

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26
Q

Dimictic

A

bodies of water that overturn 2 a year

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27
Q

Dispersal Patterns

A

scattering, of organisms over periods within a given area

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28
Q

Ecological time

A

the change in an ecosystem over time

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29
Q

Ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

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30
Q

Ecosystem

A

all of the organisms in an area and their environment

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31
Q

Epilimnion

A

area above thermocline (warmer)

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32
Q

Euphotic zone

A

area above compensation depth; where no light exists; no photosynthesis

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33
Q

Eutrophication

A

the process of an oligotrophic body of water becoming a eutrophic body of water through sedimentation

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34
Q

Evolutionary time

A

change in a species evolution over time

35
Q

Exponential growth

A

number of organisms continue to increase at the same rate year after year

36
Q

Food Chain

A

series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food

37
Q

Food Web

A

several food chains combined

38
Q

Generalized predators

A

eat more than one organism

39
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

the trapping of the sun’s warmth in a planet’s lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet’s surface.

40
Q

Habitat

A

where an organism lives

41
Q

Herbivore

A

organisms that only eat plants

42
Q

Heterotroph

A

relies on other things for food

43
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

standing crop biomass represented by each tier

44
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

size porptional to number of organisms

45
Q

K-strategy

A

“nurturing” organisms that nurture their young

46
Q

Legume

A

a plant with seeds and pods

47
Q

Lichen

A

a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees

48
Q

Limnetic zone

A

open surface water

49
Q

Littoral zone

A

area where light penetration reaches the bottom; rooted plants exist

50
Q

Monomictic

A

bodies of water that overturn only once a year

51
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

2 or more distasteful or harmful organisms resemble each other

52
Q

Mutualism

A

2 organisms live together and both benefit

53
Q

Niche

A

organisms funimental role in ecosystem

54
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

avaiable in two forms for plants: Ammonium and Nitrate

55
Q

Nutrient pollution

A

the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae

56
Q

Oligatrophic

A

lake with steep sides and a reduced littoral zone

57
Q

Omnivore

A

eat plants and animals

58
Q

Overturn

A

when surface water reaches 4 degrees celcius it becomes most dense and sinks to the bottom, forcing the water at the bottom to rise to the surface.

59
Q

Parasitism

A

one organisms benefits and other is harmed

60
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

occurs in an inorganic form of phosphate which plants absorb and use for organic synthesis

61
Q

Population

A

all organisms of the same species that populate an area

62
Q

Population density

A

number of organisms of a particular species per unit area

63
Q

Population fluctuation

A

a change in population size over time

64
Q

Primary Productivity

A

the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances

65
Q

Primary Succession

A

occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil is deposited

66
Q

Producer

A

green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into food through chemosynthesis

67
Q

Profundal zone

A

deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration

68
Q

R-Strategy

A

“lay’me and leave em” organisms laying eggs and leaving them

69
Q

Saprobe

A

An organism that derives its nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter

70
Q

Saprophyte

A

a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter

71
Q

Scramble competition

A

go after resource without any regard to other members of the population

72
Q

Secondary productivity

A

rate of consumer conversion of chemical energy to new biomass

73
Q

Secondary Succession

A

process started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species

74
Q

Sedimentary cycle

A

A cycle which comprises the weathering of an existing rock, followed by the erosion of minerals, their transport and deposition, then burial

75
Q

Specialized predators

A

eat only one organism

76
Q

Species diversity

A

the number of different species in an ecosystem

77
Q

Species turnover

A

when one species leaves then a different one may take it place/niche

78
Q

Stable Population

A

age structure remains constant

79
Q

Stationary Population

A

a population that remains same in size over time

80
Q

Survivorship curves

A

a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group

81
Q

Thermal pollution

A

a rise in the temperature of rivers or lakes that is injurious to water-dwelling life and is caused by the disposal of heated industrial waste water or water from the cooling towers of nuclear power plants

82
Q

Thermocline

A

region of rapid temp. drop

83
Q

Trophic level

A

how far an organism is removed from autotroph food chain

84
Q

Water cycle

A

only cycle that doesn’t chnage the form of thwe substance

Advanced Bio Honors (25 decks)

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