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ggggg Flashcards

1
Q

10% rule

A

when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next only 10% of energy is passed on

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2
Q

Abiotic

A

anything non-living

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3
Q

Aposematic Sound

A

when a defenseless organism sounds like a dangerous predator

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4
Q

Autotroph

A

organism makes own food

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5
Q

Batesian mimicry

A

defenseless species resembles a toxic species

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6
Q

Benthic zone

A

bottom with sediment

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7
Q

Biomagnification

A

the concentration of toxins in an organism

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8
Q

Biotic

A

anything living

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9
Q

Biotic potential

A

an organism in an innate potential for an increase in numbers

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10
Q

Carbon cycle

A

basic constituent of all organic compounds

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

organisms that eat other organisms

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12
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum amount of population size in an environment over a long period of time

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13
Q

Change in population size

A

a change in population size

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14
Q

Climax Community

A

predonimant type of vegatation that exists in an area

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15
Q

Commensalism

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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16
Q

Community

A

group of interacting populations

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17
Q

Compensation depth

A

the area where the amount of O2 released equals the amount of O2 consumed in respiration

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18
Q

Competitive Exclusion principle

A

proposition that states that two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist at constant population values

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19
Q

Contest Competition

A

subdivide resource (territorial)

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20
Q

Cryptic Coloration

A

when an organism blends into its surrounding

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21
Q

Hypolimnion

A

area below thermocline

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22
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between different species for a limited resource

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23
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

competition between the same species for a limited resource

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24
Q

Density Dependent

A

will affect a greater % of the population if population is large

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25
Density Independent
will affect the same % of the population no matter the size of the population
26
Dimictic
bodies of water that overturn 2 a year
27
Dispersal Patterns
scattering, of organisms over periods within a given area
28
Ecological time
the change in an ecosystem over time
29
Ecology
the study of ecosystems
30
Ecosystem
all of the organisms in an area and their environment
31
Epilimnion
area above thermocline (warmer)
32
Euphotic zone
area above compensation depth; where no light exists; no photosynthesis
33
Eutrophication
the process of an oligotrophic body of water becoming a eutrophic body of water through sedimentation
34
Evolutionary time
change in a species evolution over time
35
Exponential growth
number of organisms continue to increase at the same rate year after year
36
Food Chain
series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food
37
Food Web
several food chains combined
38
Generalized predators
eat more than one organism
39
Greenhouse effect
the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
40
Habitat
where an organism lives
41
Herbivore
organisms that only eat plants
42
Heterotroph
relies on other things for food
43
Pyramid of biomass
standing crop biomass represented by each tier
44
Pyramid of numbers
size porptional to number of organisms
45
K-strategy
"nurturing" organisms that nurture their young
46
Legume
a plant with seeds and pods
47
Lichen
a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees
48
Limnetic zone
open surface water
49
Littoral zone
area where light penetration reaches the bottom; rooted plants exist
50
Monomictic
bodies of water that overturn only once a year
51
Mullerian Mimicry
2 or more distasteful or harmful organisms resemble each other
52
Mutualism
2 organisms live together and both benefit
53
Niche
organisms funimental role in ecosystem
54
Nitrogen Cycle
avaiable in two forms for plants: Ammonium and Nitrate
55
Nutrient pollution
the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae
56
Oligatrophic
lake with steep sides and a reduced littoral zone
57
Omnivore
eat plants and animals
58
Overturn
when surface water reaches 4 degrees celcius it becomes most dense and sinks to the bottom, forcing the water at the bottom to rise to the surface.
59
Parasitism
one organisms benefits and other is harmed
60
Phosphorus cycle
occurs in an inorganic form of phosphate which plants absorb and use for organic synthesis
61
Population
all organisms of the same species that populate an area
62
Population density
number of organisms of a particular species per unit area
63
Population fluctuation
a change in population size over time
64
Primary Productivity
the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances
65
Primary Succession
occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil is deposited
66
Producer
green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into food through chemosynthesis
67
Profundal zone
deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration
68
R-Strategy
"lay'me and leave em" organisms laying eggs and leaving them
69
Saprobe
An organism that derives its nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter
70
Saprophyte
a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter
71
Scramble competition
go after resource without any regard to other members of the population
72
Secondary productivity
rate of consumer conversion of chemical energy to new biomass
73
Secondary Succession
process started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species
74
Sedimentary cycle
A cycle which comprises the weathering of an existing rock, followed by the erosion of minerals, their transport and deposition, then burial
75
Specialized predators
eat only one organism
76
Species diversity
the number of different species in an ecosystem
77
Species turnover
when one species leaves then a different one may take it place/niche
78
Stable Population
age structure remains constant
79
Stationary Population
a population that remains same in size over time
80
Survivorship curves
a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group
81
Thermal pollution
a rise in the temperature of rivers or lakes that is injurious to water-dwelling life and is caused by the disposal of heated industrial waste water or water from the cooling towers of nuclear power plants
82
Thermocline
region of rapid temp. drop
83
Trophic level
how far an organism is removed from autotroph food chain
84
Water cycle
only cycle that doesn't chnage the form of thwe substance

Advanced Bio Honors (25 decks)

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