Germ cell tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Most common demographic of germ cell tumors?

A

Adolescent girls

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2
Q

Types of germ cell tumours

A
  1. Teratoma
  2. Dysgerminoma
  3. Yolk sac tumour
  4. Choriocarcinoma
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3
Q

Which is the most common type of germ cell tumor?

A

Teratoma accounts for 90% of germ cell tumours

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4
Q

Teratoma definition

A

Benign - dermoid cyst
Malignant - Teratoma
Contain a combination of ectodermal (e.g. hair), mesodermal (e.g. bone) and endodermal tissue

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5
Q

Prevalence of Dysgerminoma

A

Most common malignant germ cell tumour

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6
Q

Dysgerminomas - how does it present

A
  1. Bilateral in 20% of cases

2. Secrete BhCG

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7
Q

What do Dysgerminomas secrete

A

Beta HCG and LDH

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8
Q

What condition is Dysgerminoma associated with

A

Turner’s syndrome

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9
Q

Yolk sac tumor

A

second most common germ cell tumor

  • is malignant
  • 15% of all germ cell tumors
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10
Q

Which tumor secretes AFP?

A

Yolk sac tumors

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11
Q

How do yolk sac tumors present?

A
  1. Rarely bilateral

2. Large solid mass which presents acutely with torsin

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12
Q

Choriocarcinoma demographic

A
  1. Very rare

2. Present in young girls with irregular bleeding and high Beta HCG level

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13
Q

Choriocarcinoma - what is it characterised by?

A
  1. Malignant
  2. Part of gestational trophoblastic disease
  3. Characterised by early haematogenous spread to the lungs
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14
Q

How do germ cell tumors characteristically present?

A
  1. Woman presents with a large solid ovarian mass which is rapidly growing
  2. May also present acute with torsion
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15
Q

Ix of Germ cell tumours

A
  1. Tumor markers
  2. MRI - assess morphology
  3. CT scan of liver and lymph noodes
  4. Chest X ray to exclude pulmonary metastases
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