Benign conditions of the ovary Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major types of benign ovarian cysts are

A
  1. Functional ovarian cysts
  2. Inflammatory cysts
  3. Germ cell cysts
  4. Epithelial cysts
  5. Sex chord stromal cysts
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2
Q

Types of benign functional cysts

A
  1. Follicular cyst 2. Corpus luteal cyst 3. Theca luteal cyst
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3
Q

Functional ovarian cyst

A
  1. Sac forms on the surface of the woman’s ovary that holds the maturing egg ( during or after ovulation)
  2. Cyst forms when ovary does not release egg and sac fills up with fluid instead.
  3. Commonly regress after several menstrual cycles
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4
Q

How does a Corpus luteal cyst present?

A
  1. Occur following ovulation 2. Present with pain due to rupture or hemorrhage
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5
Q

Theca luteal cysts

A
  1. Associated with pregnancy espec multiple pregnancy
  2. Diagnosed routinely on ultrasound
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6
Q

Where do benign epithelial tumors originate from?

A

Arise from the ovarian surface epithelium

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7
Q

Serous cystadenoma

A
  1. the most common benign epithelial tumour which bears a resemblance to the most common type of ovarian cancer (serous carcinoma)
  2. bilateral in around 20%
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8
Q

Mucinous cystadenoma

A
  1. second most common benign epithelial tumour 2. they are typically large and may become massive 3. if ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei
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9
Q

Two types of benign epithelial tumors

A
  1. Serous cystadenoma
  2. Mucinous cystadenoma
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10
Q

Name 1 Inflammatory ovarian cyst

A
  1. Endometrioma - also known as chocolate cysts and associated with pelvic inflammatory disease
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11
Q

Sex chord stromal - name two types of benign ovarian cyst

A
  1. Fibroma
  2. Thecoma
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12
Q

What are sex chord stromal tumors?

A

Solid ovarian tumors composed of stromal cells

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13
Q

How do sex stromal tumors present?

A

Present in older women with torsion due to the heaviness of the ovaries

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14
Q

Germ cell - name 1 benign ovarian cyst ?

A

Dermoid cyst

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15
Q

How do Dermoid cysts present?

A

Usually assymptomatic

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16
Q

Tx of Dermoid Cyst

A
  1. Diagnose by MRI 2. Surgical excision 3. Torsion may require oophorectomy
17
Q

What is the most common form of germ cell tumor?

A

Dermoid cyst/ Cystic teratoma

18
Q

When is a diagnosis of an ovarian cyst made?

A

Diagnosis is made when cyst > 3 cm

19
Q

Which is the most common ovarian tumor in young women?

A

Germ cell tumors

20
Q

What does the Dermoid cyst consist of?

A
  1. Combination of all tissue types; Mesenchymal Epithelial Stromal 2. Any mature tissue such as muscle, cartilage, bone or teeth
21
Q

Tumors common in peri menopausal women

A

Benign epithelial tumors

22
Q

Most common type ovarian tumour

A

Ovarian fibromas

23
Q

Corpus luteum cyst

A
  1. during the menstrual cycle if pregnancy doesn’t occur the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. 2. If this doesn’t occur the corpus luteum may fill with blood or fluid and form a corpus luteal cyst
24
Q

Epithelial ovarian cancer tumour marker

A

CA125

25
Q

Granulosa cell tumor - tumor marker

A

Inhibin

26
Q

Beta HCG is the tumor marker for;

A

Dysgerminoma Choriocarcinoma

27
Q

AFP is the tumor marker for

A
  1. Endodermal yolk sac 2. Teratoma