Benign conditions of the ovary Flashcards
4 Major types of benign ovarian cysts are
- Functional ovarian cysts
- Inflammatory cysts
- Germ cell cysts
- Epithelial cysts
- Sex chord stromal cysts
Types of benign functional cysts
- Follicular cyst 2. Corpus luteal cyst 3. Theca luteal cyst
Functional ovarian cyst
- Sac forms on the surface of the woman’s ovary that holds the maturing egg ( during or after ovulation)
- Cyst forms when ovary does not release egg and sac fills up with fluid instead.
- Commonly regress after several menstrual cycles
How does a Corpus luteal cyst present?
- Occur following ovulation 2. Present with pain due to rupture or hemorrhage
Theca luteal cysts
- Associated with pregnancy espec multiple pregnancy
- Diagnosed routinely on ultrasound
Where do benign epithelial tumors originate from?
Arise from the ovarian surface epithelium
Serous cystadenoma
- the most common benign epithelial tumour which bears a resemblance to the most common type of ovarian cancer (serous carcinoma)
- bilateral in around 20%
Mucinous cystadenoma
- second most common benign epithelial tumour 2. they are typically large and may become massive 3. if ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei
Two types of benign epithelial tumors
- Serous cystadenoma
- Mucinous cystadenoma
Name 1 Inflammatory ovarian cyst
- Endometrioma - also known as chocolate cysts and associated with pelvic inflammatory disease
Sex chord stromal - name two types of benign ovarian cyst
- Fibroma
- Thecoma
What are sex chord stromal tumors?
Solid ovarian tumors composed of stromal cells
How do sex stromal tumors present?
Present in older women with torsion due to the heaviness of the ovaries
Germ cell - name 1 benign ovarian cyst ?
Dermoid cyst
How do Dermoid cysts present?
Usually assymptomatic
Tx of Dermoid Cyst
- Diagnose by MRI 2. Surgical excision 3. Torsion may require oophorectomy
What is the most common form of germ cell tumor?
Dermoid cyst/ Cystic teratoma
When is a diagnosis of an ovarian cyst made?
Diagnosis is made when cyst > 3 cm
Which is the most common ovarian tumor in young women?
Germ cell tumors
What does the Dermoid cyst consist of?
- Combination of all tissue types; Mesenchymal Epithelial Stromal 2. Any mature tissue such as muscle, cartilage, bone or teeth
Tumors common in peri menopausal women
Benign epithelial tumors
Most common type ovarian tumour
Ovarian fibromas
Corpus luteum cyst
- during the menstrual cycle if pregnancy doesn’t occur the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. 2. If this doesn’t occur the corpus luteum may fill with blood or fluid and form a corpus luteal cyst
Epithelial ovarian cancer tumour marker
CA125
Granulosa cell tumor - tumor marker
Inhibin
Beta HCG is the tumor marker for;
Dysgerminoma Choriocarcinoma
AFP is the tumor marker for
- Endodermal yolk sac 2. Teratoma
