Genetics and Disease

Question 1

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 1

Created The Germ Theory - postulated that disease was causes by germs.

Question 2

What did Claude Bernard postulate?

Answer 2

The constancy of the internal environment is the condition for free and independent life.

Question 3

What is GxE?

Answer 3

Genetics x Environment

Question 4

The product of GxE is…

Answer 4

…the environment.

Question 5

Phenotype refers to…

Answer 5

…the observable properties of an organism, its morphology and physiology.

Question 6

What is morphology?

Answer 6

Its appearance

Question 7

What is physiology?

Answer 7

How it functions.

Question 8

In terms of Morphology the effect of the environment on genetics is …

Answer 8

…mainly adaptive

Question 9

In terms of Physiology the effect of the environment on genetics is…

Answer 9

…mainly acclimative

Question 10

What are the three main environmental categories?

Answer 10

1) Climatic
2) Physical
3) Biotic

Question 11

What are climatic factors?

Answer 11

• Seasonal variation
• Weather

Question 12

What are physical and chemical factors?

Answer 12

• Nutrition
• Anthropometric compounds
• Geological/mineral

Question 13

What are biotic factors?

Answer 13

• Disease/symptoms
• Competition

Question 14

You can remove the nucleus in some cells and they will …

Answer 14

…continue living for over a month – life is not just genetics

Question 15

The contribution of each of these factors to a trait phenotype can be determined by …

Answer 15

…calculating the heritability ratio

Question 16

Heritability formula?

Answer 16

Heritability = Genetic Variation (in a population) / Total Variation (in a population)

Question 17

In the heritability ratio, what does 0 represent?

Answer 17

Completely determined by environment

Question 18

In the heritability ratio, what does 1 represent?

Answer 18

Completely determined by genetics

Question 19

Conclusions of the study titled “Heritability of Adult Body Height: A comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries”?

Answer 19

‘In men there was no corresponding variation in heritability of body height, heritability estimates ranging from 0.87 to 0.93 in populations under an additive genes/unique environment(AE) model.’