Genetics and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do?

A

Created The Germ Theory - postulated that disease was causes by germs.

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2
Q

What did Claude Bernard postulate?

A

The constancy of the internal environment is the condition for free and independent life.

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3
Q

What is GxE?

A

Genetics x Environment

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4
Q

The product of GxE is…

A

…the environment.

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5
Q

Phenotype refers to…

A

…the observable properties of an organism, its morphology and physiology.

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6
Q

What is morphology?

A

Its appearance

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7
Q

What is physiology?

A

How it functions.

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8
Q

In terms of Morphology the effect of the environment on genetics is …

A

…mainly adaptive

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9
Q

In terms of Physiology the effect of the environment on genetics is…

A

…mainly acclimative

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10
Q

What are the three main environmental categories?

A

1) Climatic
2) Physical
3) Biotic

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11
Q

What are climatic factors?

A
  • Seasonal variation
  • Weather
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12
Q

What are physical and chemical factors?

A
  • Nutrition
  • Anthropometric compounds
  • Geological/mineral
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13
Q

What are biotic factors?

A
  • Disease/symptoms
  • Competition
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14
Q

You can remove the nucleus in some cells and they will …

A

…continue living for over a month – life is not just genetics

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15
Q

The contribution of each of these factors to a trait phenotype can be determined by …

A

…calculating the heritability ratio

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16
Q

Heritability formula?

A

Heritability = Genetic Variation (in a population) / Total Variation (in a population)

17
Q

In the heritability ratio, what does 0 represent?

A

Completely determined by environment

18
Q

In the heritability ratio, what does 1 represent?

A

Completely determined by genetics

19
Q

Conclusions of the study titled “Heritability of Adult Body Height: A comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries”?

A

‘In men there was no corresponding variation in heritability of body height, heritability estimates ranging from 0.87 to 0.93 in populations under an additive genes/unique environment(AE) model.’

20
Q
A