genetics 1

Question 1

What is the central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 1

DNA replication -> transcription -> mRNA -> translated -> protein

Question 2

What is the gene structure and how is this transcribed in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes

Answer 2

Made of promotor region + transcribed region

Eukaryotes: transcribed in nucleus with exons (coding) + introns (spliced)
transcription by RNA pol -> read DNA -> mRNA -> modified for transport (G cap and poly A tail) -> cytosol, spliced before translated

Prokaryotes: transcribed as no nucleus can be translated at the same time, no splicing ability

Question 3

What does the promotor region contain

Answer 3

Contains transcription factor binding sites + RNA pol sites
sites = section of DNA specific to particular factors or polymerase

Question 4

What is gene exspression

Answer 4

Gene exspression is what sections of DNA are being transcribed by RNA polymerase, controled by transcription factors

Question 5

How can cells respond in different ways to the same signal due to transcriptional control

Answer 5

Cells have different transcription factors present which determine which genes to transcribe
Signal protein cascades can lead to different factors being activ

Question 6

atWhat is a transcription factors
+ the different types of these factors

Answer 6

Transcription factors: bind to DNA in promotor to control RNA pol binding and therefore gene exspresssion

Acitvators:
- Turn on a gene
- Can require multiple to start transcription
Repressors:
- turn off gene exspression
- Can have multiple, important when gene is required to be off
- Blocked physical connection from activators over riding them