amino acids

Question 1

define the properties of amino acids

Answer 1

amino, carboyl, side chain groups
chirality = D and L
state = zwitter ion
sidechian carries out biological processes

Question 2

what are the properties of polar uncharged sidechains

Answer 2

-OH, -SH, amide (CONH2)

Question 3

What are the different types of side chains (r)

Answer 3

nonpolar
polar uncharged
polar charged
- acid
- basic

Question 3

how are ionisable side chain defined

Answer 3

by the Pka of the functional group,
Pka is defined by 50%+ of the group is ionised

Question 4

define three special non polar amino acids

Answer 4

glycine - H side chain, no-chirality, flexable
proline - side chain loops back to the N-terminus, ridged
tryptophan - nonpolar dispite NH due to being delocalised in aromacitity

Question 5

how do one letter abreviations for mutations function

Answer 5

letter, number, letter
1st letter = origonal amino acid
number = location
2nd letter = new amino acid

Question 5

what is amino acid modification

Answer 5

Chnages to the amino acid side chian after the translation process in the ribosome

Question 6

What are the 6 methods of modification talked about

Answer 6

phosphorylation
glycosylation
metal binding
carboxylation
hydroxylation
iodination

Question 7

What are properties of phosphoylation, hydroxylation and carboxylation

Answer 7

phsphoylation = often used an an enzyme on off switch
hydroxylation = prevent scurvy prevent connectvie tissue disease
carboxylation = used in blood clotting (glutamine)

Question 8

What amino acids are often glycosylated

Answer 8

aspargine, threonine

Question 9

what are the properties of the peptide bond

Answer 9

• 40% double bond
• plarnar pi-bond overap maximised
• rot barrier of 80Kj
• predominetly trans (proceeding proline 10% will be cis)