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Edexcel AS Psychology - Biological Psychology > Genes > Flashcards

Genes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A set of instructions & a carrier of information.

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2
Q

Every individual human has?

A

A genotype and a phenotype.

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

A genetic constitution; what our genes will dictate in us.

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4
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

What we become when our genes interact, both with one another and with our environment & experiences.

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5
Q

What does a gene consist of?

A

A long strand of DNA.

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6
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A double chain of DNA.

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7
Q

One of the functions of DNA is to?

A

Control gene activity.

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8
Q

Genes contain bases called?

A

guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
adenine (A)
thymine (T)

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9
Q

What contains the instructions for what the gene will produce?

A

The coding sequence.

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10
Q

Coding sequence?

A

3-letter combinations of G, C, A and T.

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11
Q

The coding sequence is copied, to?

A

Produce an RNA molecule.

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12
Q

What does RNA do?

A

It organises the synthesis of proteins that act according to the genetic instructions.

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13
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Transfer RNA.

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14
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

It transports amino acids to the ribosomes of the cell.

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15
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Messenger RNA.

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16
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

It acts as a model to form proteins.

17
Q

What do the proteins (formed according to the mRNA) do?

A

They dictate how the organism develops.

18
Q

What is a genome?

A

All the genes in a cell.

19
Q

What does the genetic message contain?

A

Millions of combinations of base pairs in DNA, carried on chromosomes.

20
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each cell?

A

23

21
Q

What does it mean if genes are physically linked?

A

If one gene is inherited then the other gene that is physically linked to it is also inherited.

22
Q

What are dominant genes?

A

Genes that always lead to certain characteristics.

23
Q

What are recessive genes?

A

Genes that need more than one copy to produce a characteristic.

24
Q

What would happen if a recessive gene is present on only one pair of chromosomes?

A

The characteristic won’t appear in that organism.

25
Q

Characteristics can be?

A

Aspects of appearance, personality or behaviour.

26
Q

Do genes control all human characteristics?

A

No; the environment also has a part to play.

Edexcel AS Psychology - Biological Psychology (39 decks)

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